1989～2003年云南省艾滋病流行态势分析

目的　了解云南省不同地区和不同人群艾滋病流行特点和变化趋势。方法　 1989～2 0 0 3年对注射吸毒人群、女性性工作者、嫖客、性病患者、结核病患者、孕妇、献血员采用哨点监测、专题调查和常规资料收集等方法进行血清学流行病学调查。结果　 1989年首先在边境注射吸毒人群中发现较高水平的艾滋病流行 ,截止到 2 0 0 3年 12月 ,全省共发现人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV)感染者 14 90 5例 ,分布于全省 16个地州的 12 1个县 (市 ) ;注射吸毒人群HIV感染率为 2 1 2 %～ 2 7 8% ,6个地区注射吸毒人群HIV感染率超过 4 0 % ;女性性工作者、嫖客HIV感染率分别为 1 2 3%～ 6 6 7%和 0 3%～1 8% ;男性性病患者HIV感染率为 2 1%～ 2 7% ,个别地区达 10 8% ;孕妇HIV感染率 1993～ 2 0 0 2年为 0 14 %～ 0 2 5 % ,2 0 0 3年上升到 0 37% ;结核病患者的HIV感染率为 1 5 %～ 1 6 % ;1999～ 2 0 0 0年献血员的HIV感染率为 0 0 1% ,2 0 0 3年上升到 0 0 7%。结论　云南省艾滋病流行始于 2 0世纪 80年代后期 ,经注射吸毒人群从边境地区向内地传播 ,注射吸毒人群感染率维持在较高水平 ,性传播途径呈上升趋势 ,并在一般人群中呈现低水平流行 ,局部地区进入广泛流行阶段。

Analysis for epidemic trend of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Yunnan Province of China

Objective To understand epidemiologic characteristics and changes in epidemic trend of human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in different areas and populations of Yunnan Province. Methods Seroepidemiological studies were conducted in injection drug users (IDUs), women sex workers, whoring goers, pateints with sexually transmitted disease (STD), patients with tuberculosis, pregnant women and blood donors with sentinel surveillance, ad hoc investigations, regualr case-finding and data collection during 1989 to 2003 in Yunnan Province. Results Relatively high prevalence of HIV/AIDS was firstly found in IDUs from border areas of the province in 1989. By December of 2003, totally 14 905 cases with HIV infection were reported in 121 counties of 16 prefectures in Yunnan Province. Prevalence of HIV infection ranged from 21.2% to 27.8% in IDUs, over 40% in IDUs from six areas, and 1.23% to 6.67% and 0.3% to 1.8% in underground prostitutes and whoring goers, respectively. Prevalence of HIV infection was 2.1% to 2.7%, 10.8% in specific areas, in male patients with STD, and was 0.14% to 0.25% in pregnant women during 1993 to 2002 and increased to 0.37% in 2003. Prevalence of HIV infection ranged 1.5% to 1.6% in patients with tuberculosis and 0.01% in blood donors during 1999 to 2000 and increased to 0.07% in 2003. Conclusions Epidemic of HIV infection began in late 1980s in Yunnan, then spread from border areas to inland through IDUs, maintaining a higher prevalence in them to date. Sexual transmission of HIV/ AIDS showed an increasing trend in them, with a low prevalence in general population, but appeared a wide spread in local areas.