Volumetric response of the adult brain to seizures depends on the developmental stage when systemic inflammation was induced |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Krakow, Poland;2. Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152 St, 31-342 Krakow, Poland;1. Department of Neurophysiopathology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy;2. Cochrane Neurosciences Field, Direzione Salute Welfare, Region of Umbria, Perugia, Italy;3. Perugia Hospital, Neurophysiopathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy;4. School of Specialisation in Hospital Pharmacy, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Italy;5. University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, USA;1. Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA;2. Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA;3. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA;4. Department of Psychological and Quantitative Foundations, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA;5. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA;1. University of Washington Neurology Vocational Services Unit/Epilepsy Center, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States;2. Surgical Epilepsy Program, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States;3. University of California, San Francisco, United States;4. Epilepsy Program, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States;5. PEP Jobs Program, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States;1. Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;2. Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;3. Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;4. Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;1. Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil;2. Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Setor de Fisiologia Humana e do Exercício, Laboratório de Avaliação do Movimento Humano, Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil;1. Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA;2. Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA;3. Neurology Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA;4. Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine and Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA |
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| Abstract: | Inflammation has detrimental influences on the developing brain including triggering the epileptogenesis. On the other hand, seizure episodes may induce inflammatory processes and further increase of brain excitability. The present study focuses on the problem whether transitory systemic inflammation during developmental period may have critical importance to functional and/or structural features of the adult brain. An inflammatory status was induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 6- or 30-day-old rats. Two-month-old rats which experienced the inflammation and untreated controls received injections of pilocarpine, and the intensity of their seizure behavior was rated during a 6-hour period. Three days thereafter, the animals were perfused; their brains were postfixed and subjected to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Then, volumes of the brain and of its main regions were assessed. LPS injections alone performed at different developmental stages led to different changes in the volume of adult brain and also to different susceptibility to seizures induced in adulthood. Moreover, the LPS pretreatments modified different volumetric responses of the brain and of its regions to seizures. The responses showed strong inverse correlations with the intensity of seizures but exclusively in rats treated with LPS on postnatal day 30. It could be concluded that generalized inflammation elicited at developmental stages may have strong age-dependent effects on the adult brain regarding not only its susceptibility to action of a seizuregenic agent but also its volumetric reactivity to seizures. |
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