学校肥胖控制干预对家长相关认知行为改变的研究

目的探讨在学校群体性肥胖控制干预活动的同时,对家长开展多种形式的干预,评价此种干预对家长相关认知行为的影响。方法在4城市4所小学全体三、四年级学生家长中,通过举办讲座、座谈会、家长会、给家长的一封信等多种途径进行肥胖控制的教育和知识渗透,并进行干预前后问卷调查。干预时间为1 a。结果分别有88.4%和83.6%的家长认识到肥胖容易导致高血压和糖尿病,家长认识到合理饮食是控制体重或有效减肥措施的比例从61.1%上升到84.7%,家长对膳食平衡宝塔、洋快餐的正确认知分别从干预前的1.2%和1.4%提高到27.6%和24.0%(P值均<0.01),98.6%的家长认为有责任培养孩子的健康生活方式,99.3%的家长愿意在生活中运用营养知识,每周吃油炸食品控制在2次以下、每天吃多种蔬菜的家长比例分别从干预前的49.8%和48.7%提高到91.0%和82.4%(P值均<0.01)。31.1%的家长坚持每天锻炼身体,较干预前提高了18.9%(P<0.01);很少或不带孩子去吃洋快餐、经常和孩子参加户外活动的家长为43.5%和56.4%。结论1 a的干预有效提高了家长对肥胖控制的相关认知和行为。家长在膳食、运动方面的变化以及对孩子的支持和帮助也将进一步促进学生肥胖的控制。

KAP Changes on Children''''s Obesity Control Among Parents After School-based Intervention

Objective To probe the impacts of variety ways of obesity control intervention on KAP among parents.Methods For all parents of 3rd and 4th grade students in 4 project schools in 4 cities,researchers conducted education and intervention on obesity control in variety ways such as nutrition lecture,group discussion,parents meeting and a letter to parents etc.Questionnaire survey was taken before and after the intervention.All the intervention was finished within one year.Results About 88.4% and 83.6% of the parents realized obesity was a risk factor of hypertension and diabetes.The proportion of the parents who knew the reasonable dietary was a effective way to weight control increased from 61.1% to 84.7%.The correct knowledge rate on food pyramid and fast food increased by 26.4% and 22.6%(P<0.01).About 98.6% of parents realized they had the responsibility to culture their children's healthy life style and 99.3% would practice the correct nutrition dietary in their daily life.The proportion of the parents who taking fatty and fried food less than twice a week and eating vegetables each day increased from 49.8% and 48.7% to 91.0% and 82.4% respectively(P<0.01).About 31.1% of the parents can do physical activities every day by 18.9% increased compared with one year before.43.5% and 56.4% of the parents answered that after intervention,the frequency of taking children to fast food was reduced and they spent more time on outdoor activities with their children. Conclusion KAP on obesity control among parents is significant increased after one year intervention.The changes of the parents' behavior about the dietary and physical activity will promote the obesity control among their children.