少年儿童皮肤厚度的超声学测量

目的用无创的方法获得少年儿童皮肤厚度资料。方法选择221例1～18岁皮肤健康的少年儿童，按年龄分为幼儿组（1～2岁）、学龄前期组（3～6岁）、学龄期组（男7～12岁、女7～11岁）、青春期组（男13～18岁、女12～18岁），各年龄组下分男、女2个性别组。应用13MHz高频超声，检测上述人员面部、胸部、腹部、背部、前臂、臀部、大腿7个部位的皮肤表皮、真皮与全层皮肤厚度。结果221例少年儿童的皮肤以面部较薄，背部及臀部较厚。（1）各年龄组的同一部位以及同一年龄组中男、女同一部位的表皮厚度相近（P〉0．05）。（2）幼儿组、学龄前期组与学龄期组同一部位组间比较，以及组内不同性别同一部位比较，真皮和皮肤全层厚度相近（P〉0．05）。与其余3组比较，青春期组此2项指标均明显偏高（P〈0、05），男性真皮厚度为（1.16±0．04）～（1．98±0．47）mm、皮肤全层厚度为（1.27±0．12）～（2．20±0．45）mm，女性真皮厚度为（1．00±0.18）～（1.60±0.30）mm、皮肤全层厚度为（1.10±0.17）～（1、83±0．29）mm。结论13MHz高频超声是无创测量少年儿童皮肤厚度的有效方法。青春期少年全层皮肤厚度增加的主要因素系真皮厚度明显增加，且男性较女性更为显著。面部与背部、臀部皮肤厚度的明显差异，对皮肤移植术具有指导意义。

Preliminary study of the ultrasonic measurement of thickness of skin in children

OBJECTIVE: To collect the data of measuring skin thickness of children of both genders of different ages and parts of body with non-invasive high-frequency ultrasound method. METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-one children from 1 to 18 years of age,without systemic disease or injury in skin, were enrolled in the study and divided into 4 groups: i.e., infant group (112 years of age), pre-school age group (3-6 years of age), school age group (7-12 years for boys and 7-11 years for girls), adolescent age group (13-18 years for boys and 12-18 years for girls), and each group was subdivided into 2 groups according to the gender. The skin thicknesses of children in cheek, chest, abdomen, forearms, fundament and thigh was respectively measured by 13 MHz high-frequency ultrasound. RESULTS: The region with thinnest skin in children was the cheek, and the thickest was the back and buttock. (1) There were no significant differences in thickness of skin in the same region between genders and also among different age groups (P > 0.05). (2) There were also no obvious differences of thickness of the dermis and the whole skin in the same region between male and female, or among infants, pre-school age and school age groups (P > 0.05). In adolescent group, the average thickness of dermis in male was (1.16 +/- 0.04 ) - (1.98 +/- 0.47) mm, the average whole thickness of skin in male was (1.27 +/- 0.12) - (2.20 +/- 0.45) mm, while those of female were (1.00 +/- 0.18) - (1.60 +/- 0.30) mm and (1.10 +/- 0.17) - (1.83 +/- 0.29) mm (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It is reliable to measure the skin thickness by 13MHz ultrasound as a non-invasive method. The main factor which determined the thickeness of the skin is dermal thickness, especially in males. The significant differences of skin thickness among cheek, back and buttock provide the basis for us to choose the appropriate thickness of skin grafts harvested from different body parts.