芥子气致大鼠气管损伤的形态学研究

目的建立芥子气致大鼠呼吸道损伤的动物模型，观察芥子气损伤大鼠气管的组织和细胞形态学变化。方法雄性大鼠72只，随机分为芥子气组（n=32）、丙二醇对照组（n=32）和正常对照组（n=8）。芥子气组气管内注入稀释的芥子气（0．1ml，2mg／kg），光镜和电镜下观察气管组织和细胞形态学改变。结果芥子气组（6h、24h、48h、72h）光镜所见：气管黏膜上皮细胞部分脱落，灶性溃疡形成，纤毛紊乱，黏膜固有层腺体增多，黏膜下层大量炎细胞浸润。芥子气组（72h）电镜所见：杯状细胞细胞膜缺失，线粒体嵴模糊、髓样变；纤毛细胞、基底细胞、成纤维细胞细胞核膜不清，核固缩，染色质边集。丙二醇对照组气管组织和细胞结构与正常对照组相同。结论芥子气（2mg／kg）可致大鼠气管组织和细胞急性损伤，组织损伤以黏膜上皮细胞脱落、灶性溃疡形成、黏膜下炎细胞浸润为特征，损伤程度随时间延长而加重。细胞损伤表现为杯状细胞细胞膜和细胞器损伤，纤毛细胞、基底细胞、成纤维细胞细胞核染色质损伤。

Morphological assessment of sulfur mustard-induced tracheal injury in rats

Objective To establish an animal model for rat respiratory tract injury due to sulfur mustard （SM）,and observe the morphologic changes of tracheal tissues and epithelial cells in SM-induced injury. Methods Male SD rats （ n =72） were randomly divided into three groups （SM group,propylene glycol group,and normal group）. The rats in the SM （2 mg/kg） group were injected intratracheally with diluted SM （0.1 ml）. Histomorphologic and cytomorphogic changes of the specimen were observed under light and electron microscopy. Results In the SM group,histomorphologic changes included shed tracheal epithelial cells,focal ulcer formation, deranged cilia, increased glands in the lamia propria mucosae, and inflammatory cells invading the submucosa. The cytomorphologic changes were as follows： the cellular membranes lacking,medullary changes in the mitochondria with difficult to discern mitochondrial cristae appeared in goblet cells,and difficult to discern karyotheca, karyopyknosis,and margination of the nuclear chromatin in cilia, basal cells, fibroblasts. The structure of tracheal tissue and epithelial cells of the propylene glycol group was the same as the control group. Conclusions SM （2 mg/kg） can cause acute injury of tissues and multi-epithelial cells of the rat trachea. The degree of injury is positively correlated to the duration of time. SM mainly affects the cellular membranes and organdies of goblet cells, as well as nuclear chromatin of cilia, basal cells,and fibroblasts.