Evaluation of the impact of Exomite Pro™ on Varroa mite (Varroa destructor) populations and honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies: efficacy,side effects and residues |
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Authors: | Chrysoula Tananaki Georgios Goras Nicola Huggett Emmanouel Karazafiris Maria Dimou Andreas Thrasyvoulou |
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Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Apiculture-Sericulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University, 54006, Thessaloniki, Greece 2. Laboratory of Apiculture-Sericulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle’s University Farm, 57001, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Abstract: | In this research, we examined the application of thymol-based powder, directly over the top of the brood frames in colonies with different population in a 2-year study. The efficacy against mites, the side effects on bees and the contamination of honey were studied comparably to thymol-based gel treatment. In one-store colonies, thymol-based powder treatment gave average efficacy 64.5 % and did not differ significantly from thymol-based gel treatment (65.4 %). The natural mortality in control colonies was 41.4 % and the corrected efficacy (E T) during 2 years was 39.4 and 40.9 %, respectively. In two-store bee colonies, the application of thymol-based powder on top of each hive body gave higher E T (45,4 %) than on top of the double body hive (40.4 %), without statistically significant differences. The average concentration of thymol residues in honey 24 days after the application was 368 and 1,119 μg kg?1 for the honey of colonies treated with thymol-based powder and thymol-base gel, respectively. |
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