某市化学原料及化工制造业职业卫生调查

目的 掌握2010-2012年某市化学原料及化工制造业职业卫生状况.方法 将中国疾病预防控制信息系统中某市近三年的职业病危害因素、劳动者健康监护及职业病数据导出并汇总分析.结果 某市近三年职业病危害因素监测覆盖率为67.95%,大中型企业监测率较小型企业高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;监测点总体合格率为94.40%,苯、甲苯、二甲苯、铅及其化合物、二氧化氮、锰及其化合物、氨为主要的化学性职业病危害因素,监测合格率偏低的为三氯乙烯、磷化氢（磷化锌、磷化铝）、铅及其化合物、汞及其化合物;粉尘以石棉尘、矽尘和滑石尘的合格率偏低,分别为18.75%、52.10%和55.56%;物理有害因素主要监测项目为高温和噪声,合格率分别为63.25%和70.08%;职业健康监护覆盖73.36%的企业及98.79%的应检劳动者,职业病患者检出率为0.01%,患有职业禁忌证及调离工作岗位的劳动者占近三年全行业总人数的40.67%及38.39%;报告各类职业病8例,病种为急（慢）性职业中毒、尘肺及职业性接触性皮炎.结论 化学原料及化工制造业具有潜在职业病患病风险,需有效落实职业病危害因素监测及劳动者健康监护等制度.

An Investigation on Occupational Health Status in Chemical Raw Materials and Chemical Manufacturing Industry

Objective To investigate the occupational health status in chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing industry in Shaoxing city from 2010 to 2012. Methods The data of occupational - disease - inductive factors, health custody and occupational disease from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System in recent three years was analyzed. Results The monitoring coverage for occupational - disease - inductive factors was 67.95% totally. The monitoring rate in large and medium - sized enterprises were significantly higher than small businesses（P 〈0. 01 ）. For all monitored sites, the total qualified rate was 94.40%, with trichloroethylene, phosphine （zinc phosphide, aluminium phosphide）, lead and its compounds, mercury and its compounds being lower monitored qualified rates; Asbestos dust, silica dust and talc dust had the relatively lower qualified rates（ 18.75%, 52.10% and 55.56% ） in 13 kinds of dust. The main physical harmful factors being monitored were heat stress and noise in workplace, with qualified rates of 63.25% and 70.08%, respectively. The occupational health custody covered 73.36% of the enterprises and 98.79% workers. Detection rate for occupational disease was 0.01% ; and the workers suffering from occupational contraindications and transferring account for 40.67% and 38.39% in all industries ; patients with 8 occupational diseases were diagnosed in the chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing industry, and the occupational diseases included occupational poisoning, pneumoconiosis and occupational contact dermatitis. Conclusion Chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing industry has the potential risk of the occupational disease among exposed workers, and the occupational - disease - inductive factors monitoring and health custody system needs urgently implemented and strengthened.