肺癌早筛早诊的精准化探索

目前，肺癌仍是全世界范围内癌症相关死亡的主要原因。早期肺癌可以实现治愈，而晚期肺癌患者的5年生存率极低，因此早诊早治是提高生存率的关键。既往研究已经证实了运用低剂量CT对肺癌高危人群进行筛查可降低肺癌相关死亡率，但肺癌早期诊治策略仍有许多问题亟需解决，如高危人群的选择和肺结节良恶性的鉴别判断尚欠精准。本研究总结近年来本课题组在肺癌早筛早诊方面的有关工作，并对相关研究进展进行综述，包括利用数据挖掘及队列孟德尔随机分析等手段探索新的肺癌高危因素，研发人工智能及血浆游离DNA检测等工具辅助高危结节的鉴别诊断和处理，以及开发药物治疗极早期肺癌的新手段等，希望为肺癌早筛早诊的临床实践及科研方向提供思路。 

Exploring for precise screening and diagnosis strategy in early-stage lung cancer

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Although early-stage lung cancer is curable, the survival rate of patients with advanced-stage lung cancer is extremely low. Therefore, early detection and intervention are critical for improving the prognosis of patients with lung cancer. Though previous studies have shown that low-dose computed tomography screening can reduce lung cancer-related mortality among high-risk individuals, there remains much room for improving the process, such as the selection of high-risk populations and differentiation of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. This study combined our team’s research on the early screening and diagnosis of lung cancer to review the current research progress in areas such as the utilization of data mining and Mendelian randomization analysis to explore novel risk factors for lung cancer, the development of artificial intelligence and circulating tumor DNA detection tools to aid in the differential diagnosis and treatment of high-risk nodules, and the use of novel drug treatment modes for ultra-early lung cancers. We hope the study findings will aid colleagues in clinical practice and research.