2018年内蒙古自治区通辽市一起皮肤炭疽暴发疫情的调查分析

目的通过对2018年发生在内蒙古自治区通辽市的一起人间皮肤炭疽暴发疫情的流行病学调查处置,探讨炭疽疫情的流行特征和传播特点及诊断方法,为今后炭疽防控措施提供参考。方法采用现场流行病学调查,对病例的三间分布、接触史、接触方式、临床特征等资料进行分析;实验室检测采取病原分离鉴定、PCR检测及酶联免疫吸附试验方法进行抗体检测等。结果本次疫情23例病例分布于1个自然村,均为男性,病例最小20岁,最大64岁,年龄分布集中在30~55岁(占91.30%),职业分布以农民为主(占95.65%)。本次暴发疫情的流行期为23 d,确诊病例10例,PCR方法检测样本阳性7份。分离到炭疽芽胞杆菌1株,PCR方法检测到了其毒力质粒。结论本次暴发疫情特点鲜明,剖解、剥食、宰杀病畜和接触病畜及相关产品等是炭疽发病的危险因素;传染源为染疫病牛羊,传播途径为直接接触传播,农民为高危人群;及时采取联防联控是控制炭疽疫情的关键。

Epidemiological investigation of a cutaneous anthrax outbreak in Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 2018

ObjectiveTo understand the epidemiological and transmission characteristics of a cutaneous anthrax outbreak in Tongliao of Inner Mongolia in 2018, discuss the diagnosis process of the anthrax cases and provide evidence for the prevention and control of cutaneous anthrax in the future.MethodsThe field epidemiological investigation was conducted to analyze the time, area and population distributions, exposure history, contact mode, clinical features of the anthrax cases. Laboratory detections included pathogen isolation and identification, PCR and ELISA.ResultsA total of 23 cutaneous anthrax cases were reported in the outbreak, which were all distributed in a natural village. The age of the cases ranged from 20 to 64 years. Most cases were aged 30–55 years, accounting for 91.30%, and most cases were farmers, accounting for 95.65%. The outbreak lasted for 23 d. Of the 10 confirmed cases, 7 showed positive PCR results. A strain of Bacillus anthracis was isolated and its virulent plasmid was detected by PCR.ConclusionThe epidemiological characteristics of this outbreak was obvious. Dissection, stripping, slaughter of sick animals, and exposure to sick animals and its products were the risk factors for the onset of anthrax. The source of the outbreak was sick cow or sick sheep. The transmission route was direct contact. Farmers were at high-risk. Taking joint prevention and control measures was the key for timely control of the anthrax outbreak.