肿瘤患者VTE风险评估模型的研究进展

静脉血栓栓塞（venous thromboembolism，VTE）已经成为肿瘤患者最常见的并发症，且成为除肿瘤患者外第二大死因。肿瘤本身是一种存在血栓和出血双风险并存的状态，对患者能够进行有效风险评估筛查的模型显得尤为关键。只有能在对肿瘤患者进行精准的风险分层，低风险患者能够不进行血栓预防或仅进行机械预防降低治疗成本和出血风险，高风险患者预防血栓中获益。本文对目前肿瘤并发相关VTE的情况、当前VTE风险评估模型的对比、风险模型的建立及未来发展方向进行探讨，旨在提高对相关VTE风险评估模型的的认识，并对风险模型的建立和发展提出理论支持。 

Research progress on risk assessment models of venous thromboembolism for cancer patients

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has become the most common complication in tumor patients and is the second leading cause of death in these patients. The presence of a tumor increases the risks of thrombosis and bleeding. Thus, it is important to have a model capable of effective risk assessment and screening for cancer patients. Cancer patients can be categorized based on risk levels. For low-risk patients, the cost of medical treatment and the risk of bleeding caused by prevention of thrombosis or the sole use of mechanical prevention are less. High-risk patients can benefit from prevention measures. This review presents a comparison between the current VTE risk assessment models and discusses the current situation of cancer-associated VTE, establishment of risk models, and future directions. The review aims to improve the understanding of cancer-associated VTE risk assessment models and provide guidance for the establishment and development of risk models.