人工智能在肿瘤三级预防中的应用 机遇与挑战

随着人工智能（artificial intelligence，AI）技术的快速发展，其在处理高通量、多维度信息方面的优势逐渐显现，为肿瘤防控带来新的机遇。将AI技术与影像学、病理学、电子健康数据和组学资料结合，将有效促进恶性肿瘤病因和危险因素识别以推动一级预防，更早且更准确地发现和诊断恶性肿瘤而增进二级预防，并对患者进行风险评估和预后预测以指导临床用药和治疗使三级预防受益。然而，AI的应用仍受限于数据库的系统完整性和可及性，在模型鲁棒性、泛化性和结果解读等方面仍面临挑战，因此限制了其在真实世界肿瘤防控中的应用。本文阐述近年来AI技术在肿瘤三级预防领域的研究进展和应用现况，介绍当前AI应用于肿瘤防控面临的挑战和进展，并对其前景进行展望。 

Application of artificial intelligence in three-level cancer prevention: opportunities andchallenges

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly developed, and its advantages in dealing with high throughput and multi-dimensional data have been demonstrated, thus providing new opportunities in cancer prevention and control. Combining AI with radiology, pathology, electronic health records, and omics data may help investigate causes and risk factors of cancer more effectively to promote primary prevention, detect and diagnose cancer earlier to improve secondary prevention, and guide clinical medication and treatment by risk assessment and prognosis prediction to benefit tertiary prevention. Despite the promising advantages of AI technology, it still has challenges with respect to data integrity, availability, model robustness, generalizability, and interpretability of results, which limit its application in preventing tumors and controlling real-world scenarios. In this study, we reviewed the application of AI with respect to three-level cancer prevention to assess the latest advances and key challenges and explore future visions of integrating AI technology into cancer prevention and control.