肿瘤模型研究进展及应用

肿瘤模型研究是肿瘤领域的热点。肿瘤模型为肿瘤机制研究及临床转化应用提供了基础保障。肿瘤细胞系和异种移植物是目前常用的研究模型，但因细胞系缺乏原始肿瘤的异质性，异种移植物培养周期长、成瘤率低，应用存在一定局限性。肿瘤3D培养模型包括肿瘤悬浮球和肿瘤类器官模型，模拟了原始肿瘤的生长环境，且很好地模拟了细胞间及细胞-基质间的相互作用。肿瘤类器官作为新兴的肿瘤研究平台，具有易于构建、成瘤率高，并能长期传代和冷冻保存等优点，在很大程度上维持原始肿瘤的结构、遗传特性和肿瘤内异质性，在肿瘤研究中具有巨大潜力。 

Research progress and prospects of tumor models

Establishment of appropriate tumor models has been an urgent need in cancer research. Established tumor models, including patient-derived tumor cell lines (PDC) and patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX), have been widely used and facilitated tumor mechanism research and clinical application. But the loss of tumor heterogeneity in PDC limits its applications. Though PDX largely preserves tumor heterogeneity, the long culture period and low tumorigenesis rate make it costly. Due to the limitation above, the 3D culture system including multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) and patient-derived tumor organoids(PDO) has been developed. It largely mimics the interaction between tumor cells as well as the interaction between tumors and tumor environment, preserving tumor heterogeneity to a certain extent. Compared to PDX, MCTS and PDO are easier to establish and develop as a long-term passage or even a biobank, facilitating high-throughput drug screening and showing great potential in cancer research.