外泌体在胃癌转移中作用机制的研究进展

胃癌是发病率高且进展较快的消化道恶性肿瘤之一。随着手术、化疗、靶向治疗等多种治疗方法的不断进步，胃癌患者的5年生存率较过去有所改善，但由于胃癌早期缺乏有效的诊断方法，多数患者在确诊时往往已发生转移，预后较差。因此，对胃癌转移机制的探寻始终是胃癌研究领域的热点之一。外泌体是一种可以传递蛋白质、核酸等多种分子、实现细胞间信息交流的胞外囊泡。外泌体运载的分子参与了胃癌的转移过程，并且可能成为诊断胃癌的新型分子标志物，为胃癌的精准治疗提供了新方向。本文就外泌体在胃癌转移中的作用及机制进行综述。 

Research progress on the mechanism of exosomes in gastric cancer metastasis

Gastric cancer (GC) is malignant digestive tract tumor with high morbidity and rapid progression. With advancements in surgical resection, chemotherapy and targeted therapies, the five-year survival rate of GC patients has improved moderately. The prognosis of GC remains poor, given that metastasis has already occurred in most patients at the time of diagnosis because of the lack of effective early diagnostic methods. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms underlying GC metastasis has become an important research focus. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles known to transport nucleic acids, proteins and other molecules, thereby transmitting information between cells. Recent studies have revealed that exosomes are involved in GC metastasis and maybe useful molecular markers for GC diagnosis; thus, they represent a novel avenue for developing precise cancer treatments. This review briefly summarizes the roles of exosomes in GC metastasis and the mechanisms underlying these roles.