酒精致金黄地鼠神经管和眼畸形的实验研究

目的 观察酒精致金黄地鼠胚胎神经管和眼畸形发生过程的形态学改变，并定量观察致畸过程中的细胞凋亡。方法 实验组孕金黄地鼠分别用腹腔注射酒精致畸处理后4、8、16、24、48和72h剖腹取胚或胎，在光镜、体视显微镜和扫描电镜下观察胚胎神经管和眼的畸形发生中的形态变化；借助TUNEL法和透射电镜，定量研究神经管和眼畸形发生过程中的细胞凋亡。结果 1．酒精可使金黄地鼠神经管和视杯的发生明显延迟。2．酒精处理后8h，神经上皮细胞凋亡显著增加，尤以前脑和神经嵴处明显；16h和24h，凋亡仍大量存在，主要位于神经嵴和延迟发生的视沟部位；48h后神经上皮细胞凋亡逐渐减少。结论 酒精可使金黄地鼠神经管和视杯的发生明显延迟，神经上皮和视泡、视杯上皮细胞过度凋亡，这可能是酒精致神经管和眼畸形的机理之一。

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ALCOHOL-INDUCED GOLDEN HAMSTER NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS AND EYE ABNORMALITIES

Objective To observe the morphological changes in alcohol-induced pregnanted golden hamster neural tube defects and eye abnormalities, and to study quantitatively the alterations of apoptosis during teratogenesis. Methods The pregnanted golden hamsters were killed 4,8,16,24, 48 and 72 hours after teratogenic dose alcohol exposure respectively, and both embryos and fetuses were obtained. The LM, SEM and stereomicroscope were used to observe the histological alterations during the teratogenesis of the neural tube and the eye. With the TUNEL and TEM methods, the apoptosis were studied qualitatively. Results 1^The closure of the golden hamster neural tube and the formation of the optic cup were significantly retardation in the experimental groups. 2^After 8h of maternal alcohol exposure, the apoptosis of neural epithelial cells increased apparently, especially in the prosencephalon and neural crest.At either 16h or 24h after treatment, the index of apoptosis was also higher than that in the control groups, and the apoptosis chiefly located in the neural crest and optic grooves.After 48h, this index gradually declined to the level of control groups.Conclusion Alcohol can delay the closure of the golden hamster neural tube and the formation of the optic cup. Meanwhile it can cause excessive apoptosis on these structures.These alterations are probably partially involved in the mechanism of alcohol-induced neural tube defects and eye abnormalities.