乙型肝炎母婴传播的研究

本文系对80名HBsAg阳性孕妇的婴儿进行HBV感染的调查和随访资料。80份脐血HBsAg均阴性。有36名婴儿于生后40~205天（平均115.9天）呈HBsAg阳性（45%）。母血HBsAg阳性者对婴儿的传播率最高（75%），HBsAg阴性者传播率较低（23.08%）。抗HBe阳性者未见HBsAg阳转。资料提示传播途径以分娩时感染为主，但作者曾见1名胎儿于足月临产前死亡，病理检查显示肝组织有急性病毒性肝炎变化，故宫内感染的可能性尚难排除。母婴传播的预防，除须防止分娩过程中的胎盘创伤及母血污染新生儿破损的皮肤粘膜外，尤应强调对HBsAg和HBeAg双阳性母亲新生儿进行特异预防。婴儿吞咽羊水、乳汁和唾液是否可引起婴儿感染，尚需细致观察，积累更多的资料来说明。

A Study on the Transmission of Hepatitis B from Mother to Newborn

80 newborns whose mothers were HBsAg positive were examined for HBV infection. All 80 umbilical cord blood were negative. 36 babies became HBsAg positive 40-205 days after birth. The highest positive rate happened in babies with HBeAg positive mothers (75%). On the contrary, the lowest rate occurred in babies with HBeAg ne ative mothers (23.08%). Anti-HBe Positive babies did not become HBsAg positive. The data showed that Parturition was a essential factor for newborns to be infected. However, it was still difficult to deny the possibility of infection in uterus, because a matured newborn died before Parturition and it was proved as an acute viral hepatitis infection by means of pathological examination of the liver. Apart from keeping the skin and membrane intact, specific Prevention should be taken for the mothers with positive HBsAg and HBeAg.