经皮经肝组织黏合剂介入栓塞治疗食管静脉曲张疗效分析

目的 探讨经皮经肝TH胶栓塞治疗食管静脉曲张的临床疗效和影响因素.方法 经皮经肝门静脉穿刺插管将TH胶注射到食管下段曲张静脉、胃底贲门周围静脉和冠状静脉主干,实现曲张静脉及其供血静脉的永久栓塞.本技术治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张92例,术前均有消化道出血病史,18例为急症出血时栓塞.术后胃镜和CT评价治疗效果.结果 89例栓塞成功,成功率96.7%(89/92),3例1个月内死亡.余86例根据TH胶栓塞范围,分为食管-胃底型40例;胃底-贲门型栓塞33例;冠状静脉主干型栓塞13例.40例食管-胃底型栓塞者食管静脉曲张均改善(100%),其中29例静脉曲张消失(72.5%);33例胃底-贲门型栓塞者29例明显缓解(87.8%),15例静脉曲张消失(45.5%);而13例主干型栓塞者,仅2例缓解(15.4%),静脉曲张均未消失.随访6～52个月(平均31.5个月),总静脉曲张复发率14.1%(10/71),3种栓塞类型静脉曲张复发率分别为7.5%(3/40)、17.2%(5/29)和2/2,组间差异有统计学意义,食管胃底型栓塞组静脉曲张复发率明显低于胃底贲门型及冠状静脉主干型(P＜0.01);再出血率16.3%(14/86),食管胃底型再出血率7.5%(3/40),胃底型再出血率15.2%(5/33),主干型再出血率69.2%(9/13),三者差异有统计学意义(P=0.0092).随访期间总病死率24.7.6%(22/89),食管胃底型与胃底贲门型病死率差异无统计学意义,但主干型栓塞病死率明显较高(P=0.013).89例患者均未出现严重的异位栓塞.结论 经皮经肝TH胶栓塞能使食管下段曲张静脉及其供血血管永久性栓塞,是防治食管静脉曲张破裂出血的有效方法,其远期疗效与TH胶栓塞范围密切相关.

Percutaneous transhepatic varices embolization with cyanoacrylate in the treatment of varices

OBJECTIVE: To test the safety and validity of percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization (PTVE) with tissue adhesive cyanoacrylate. METHODS: PTVE with cyanoacrylate was performed on 92 patients with gastroesophageal varices, 53 males and 39 females, aged 62.5 (7-84): cyanoacrylate was injected into the varices and the afferent veins. Endoscopy and CT were performed to evaluate the embolization. RESULTS: PTVE was successfully completed in 89 of the 92 patients with a technical success rate of 96.7%, and 3 patients died within 1 month. Among the other 86 patients 3 types of cyanoacrylate embolization were achieved: embolization of coronary vein, vessels around gastric fundus, and variceal lower esophagus veins in 40 patients, embolization of coronary vein, gastric fundus and pericardial varices in 33 patients, and embolization of sole gastric coronary vein stem in 13 patients. Acute variceal bleeding in 18 patients was immediately arrested after the procedure, with an acute bleeding control rate of 100%. Eighty-six patients were followed up for 31.5 (6-52) months. The general variceal recurrence rate was 14.1% (10/71), and the variceal recurrence rate of the coronary vein embolization group was 100% (2/2), significantly higher than those of the groups of esophagus and fundus embolization and gastric fundus and cardia varices embolization 7.5% (3/40) and 17.2% (5/29) respectively, P = 0.006]. The general rebleeding rate was 16.3% (14/86), and the rebleeding rates of the group of coronary vein embolization was 69.2% (9/13), significantly higher than those of the groups of esophagus and fundus embolization and gastric fundus and cardia varices embolization 7.5% (3/40) and 15. 2% (5/33) respectively, P = 0.0092]. No obvious ectopic embolization was found. The mortality was 24.7% (22/89). The cause of rebleeding in coronary vein embolization was mainly recurrent variceal bleeding, whereas that in the group of fundus and esophagus variceal embolization was mainly hypertensive gastropathy. CONCLUSION: PTVE with cyanoacrylate is safe and effective for the obliteration of gastroesophageal varices in cirrhotic patients.