对农药引起敏感性疾病的综合、系统预防体系

由于职业原因，农业从业人员会在劳动中接触大量、不同种类的农药，关于农药对农业从业人员的健康危害已经有大量的报道。因为缺乏适当的预防措施，在这些危害健康的疾病中，呼吸道和皮肤的过敏性疾病，尤其是接触性皮肤炎，已成为最严重的问题。但目前这种系统的、综合的预防体系还没有建立。为此，我们研究农药引起过敏性疾病的病因学和预防医学，主要的研究方法是使用吸入激惹试验对速发性过敏性疾病进行研究，使用贴附试验和豚鼠最大量实验对迟发性过敏性疾病进行研究，现在发展到使用细胞培养。目前，我们试图建立一种系统、综合和连续的预防体系对于发现农药对农业从业人员致敏因素和建立适当的控制措施。根据我们的研究结果，我们的预防体系包括以下6个步骤：通过专业采样调查发现可疑的致敏化学物质和工作环境因素；对致敏化学物质进行文献检索，查找有无致敏作用的相关报道；对致敏因素的可靠性进行证实；如果没有可疑化学物质致敏的相关文献报道，就通过实验研究证实可疑化学物质的致敏作用和机制；建立对农业从业人员工作环境的保护体系。最后，我们希望通过建立区域性的过敏和免疫中心，以便能有效地管理上述的预防体系。

Occupational Allergic Hazards of Agricultural Chemicals and Its Prevention

The agricultural worker are exposed to various kinds and large amount of pesticides through their works.There have been many reports on the cases of agricultural workers developing health hazards due to pesticides .Among those hazards,respiratory and skin allergies,especially allergic contact dermalitis.are the most serious problems because of large numbers of suffering cases and difficulties to conduct the appropriative preventive control activities.But appropriate systemic and comprehensive control measures have been established.The etiology and prevention of allergies due to pesticides were studied.The main methods are the inhalation provocation test for the immediate-type allergy and the patch testing and the guinea pig maximization test for the delayed-type allergy,now developing the method using cultured cells .At the present time,a comprehensive-organized-consecutive control model is tried to be settled to detect the allergenic effect of the pesticides and to establish appropriate control measures for the workers,based on the results from our investigations.Our moded is consisted of 6 steps and figured as a flow chart as follows:1)Detecting suspected chemicals and agricultural works to develop allergy and allergic workers by field surveys;2)Biblio graphical references on allergenic effect to the suspected chemicals and works;3)Confirmation of propriety to reported allergenic effect;4)If no report on allergenic effect to the suspected chemicals,experimental investigation is settled to confirm allergenic effect;5)If confirmed the allergenic effect,experimental determination on dose-effect and dose-response relationships of allergenic effect to the suspected chemicals;6)Establishment and conducting the control measures for agricultural workers and work conditions. Finally,it is proposes to found the regional allergy and immunoloy center to manage above control system effectively.