轻度认知功能损害影响因素的临床调查及中医防治研究

目的:观察轻度认知功能损害发生的影响因素及中医防治情况。方法:2015年1月—2016年3月对上海中医药大学附属普陀医院门诊及住院≥50岁的MCI患者98例进行一般问卷调查及认知功能检查,调查期间筛选出的认知功能正常人群98例。收集调查对象的一般资料、生活方式、躯体疾病及家族疾病史3个方面26个因素进行分析。结果:多因素回归分析显示:(1)一般人口学资料中,与MCI发生相关的独立影响因素为年龄及文化程度,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而性别、婚姻状况及就业情况与MCI的发生无明显相关性(P0.05);(2)生活方式相关资料中,与MCI发生相关的独立影响因素为居住方式、兴趣爱好、铝制品使用、偏好肉食、社区活动,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而吸烟、饮酒、饮食控制及体育锻炼与MCI的发生无明显相关性(P0.05);(3)躯体疾病及家族痴呆疾病史相关资料中,与MCI发生相关的独立影响因素为脑卒中、糖尿病、高血脂,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01),而冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、高血压、短暂性脑缺血发作、白内障、贫血、失眠、慢性胃肠道疾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、家族痴呆疾病史与MCI的发生无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论:高龄、低文化程度、独居、无兴趣爱好、少社区活动、铝制品使用、偏好肉食、脑卒中、糖尿病、高血脂为MCI的独立危险因素;低龄、高文化程度、合居、有兴趣爱好和社区活动为MCI的保护因素,结合中医"治未病"经典理论,对MCI相关影响因素的早期管理,对疾病防治具有重要积极的意义。

Clinical Investigation and Research on Influencing Factors and TCM Prevention and Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Objective:To observe the influencing factors and TCM prevention and treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods:Ninety-eight patients who were or over 50 years old and treated in our hospital's outpatient department and inpatient department between January 2015 and March 2016 were chosen as the research subjects,and asked them to do general questionnaire and cognitive function examination.During the investigation,98 cases were selected as cognitive functioning normal population.The data including 3 aspects and 26 factors involving the general information,lifestyie i somatic diseases and family disease history was collected and analyzed.Results:Multivariate regression analysis showed that:①Among demographic data,the related independent influencing factors to MCI were age and culture degree.The difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05),while gender,marital status and employment situation had no significant correlation with the occurrence of and MCI(P ＞ 0.05).②Among the relevant information on the way of life,the related independent influencing factors to MCI were ways of living,hobbies,the use of aluminum products,preference for meat,and community activity.The difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05),while smoking,drinking wine,diet control and physical exercise and MCI had no significant correlation(P ＞ 0.05).③Among the data on somatic diseases and family history of Alzheimer's disease,the related independent influencing factors to MCI were stroke,diabetes,high blood lipids;The difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01),while coronary heart disease,hypertension,transient ischemic attack,cataract,anemia,insomnia,chronic gastrointestinal diseases,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,family history of disease of dementia and MCI had no significant correlation (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion:Advanced age,low education,living alone,no interest,few community activities,aluminum products' use,preference for meat,stroke,diabetes,hyperlipidemia were independent risk factors for MCI,while low age,high education,living with others,hobbies and community activities are protective factors for MCI.Combining the classic TCM theory of " preventive treatment of disease",the early management of MCI related factors is of great significance to the prevention and cure of disease.