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Molecular epidemiology of environmental Cryptococcus species isolates based on amplified fragment length polymorphism
Authors:K. Pakshir  H. Fakhim  A. Vaezi  J.F. Meis  M. Mahmoodi  K. Zomorodian  J. Javidnia  S. Ansari  F. Hagen  H. Badali
Affiliation:1. Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;2. Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran;3. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran;4. Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran;5. Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Nijmegen, The Netherlands;6. Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;7. Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran;8. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;9. Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands;10. Invasive Fungi Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Abstract:

Objective

Cryptococcosis is a major opportunistic fungal infection caused by members of the genus Cryptococcus, mainly those belonging to the Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complexes. Here, we report a comprehensive molecular epidemiological study of the environmental distribution of Cryptococcus isolates in Shiraz, Iran with review of litreature.

Method

A total of 406 samples were obtained from Eucalyptus trees and 139 samples from pigeon droppings. Cryptococcus species identification and genotyping were performed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting sequencing and sequencing of the ITS rDNA region.

Results

Majority of the isolates belonged to the Naganishia taxon (n = 69) including N. albida (formerly C. albidus, n = 62), N. globosa (formerly C. saitoi, n = 4), N. adeliensis (formerly C. adeliensis, n = 2), N. diffluens (formerly C. diffluens, n = 1), and the identified C. neoformans isolates (n = 25) belonged to genotype AFLP1/VNI (n = 22) and AFLP1B/VNII (n = 3).

Conclusion

More research efforts should be employed to isolate C. gattii species complex from environmental niches in Iran and provide additional evidence related to novel molecular types.
Keywords:Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting  Environmental sampling  Iran
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