富钾盐对高血压患者血压、内皮功能影响及安全性评价

目的观察富钾盐（氯化钠、氯化钾各占50%）对高血压患者血压、内皮功能的影响及安全性。方法纳入河北省清河县某农村自愿参加富钾盐试验的198户家庭,采用单盲的方法,随机将纳入家庭分入普通盐组（氯化钠〉99%）和富钾盐组（氯化钠、氯化钾各占50%）。采用统一调查问卷,对受试人群进行基线调查。在进行1年的膳食盐的干预后,从高血压患者中随机抽取资料完整的患者93例（普通盐组46例,富钾盐组47例）。测定与比较两组高血压患者干预前、后血压水平,干预后的血清一氧化氮（NO）和内皮素-1（ET-1）水平,胱抑素C（CysC）和尿微量白蛋白/肌酐（mAlb/Cr）水平等指标的变化。结果改变膳食钠、钾含量后,富钾盐组血压较基线时下降7.9/3.6mmHg,具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;普通盐组干预前、后血压无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;干预前、后两组患者血压均无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;干预后两组患者血清NO及ET-1水平,均有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;两组血清CysC水平及mAlb/Cr值比较,均无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。两组患者血钾均在正常值范围。结论食用富钾盐具有降低高血压患者血压水平趋势、保护血管内皮功能,且具有良好的安全性。

Influences of potassium-enriched salt on blood pressure and vascular endothelial function and safety assessment in hypertensive patients

Objective To observe the influences of potassium-enriched salt(50% NaCl and 50% KCl) on blood pressure and vascular endothelial function and safety assessment in hypertensive patients.Methods The families(n=198),which were volunteer to take part in the potassium-enriched salt test and came from a village in Qinghe County of Hebei Province,were selected and randomly divided into common salt group(CS group,taking salt with NaCl over 99%) and potassium-enriched salt group(PES group,taking salt with 50% NaCl and 50% KCl) by using single blind method.The baseline survey was carried out in all cases by using united questionnaire.After dietary salt intervention for one year,there were 93 cases with completed materials selected randomly(46 cases in CS group and 47 in PES group).The level of blood pressure(BP) before and after the intervention,the levels of serum nitric oxide(NO) and endothelin-1(ET-1),and changes of cystatin C(Cys C),urine microalbumin(mAlb) and creatinine(Cr) were detected and compared between two groups.Results After the change of sodium and potassium in diet,the level of BP decreased by 7.9/3.6 mm Hg in two groups respectively(P<0.05).In CS group the comparison in BP level had no statistical difference before and after the intervention(P>0.05).Between two groups BP level had no statistical difference before and after the intervention(P>0.05).The levels of NO and ET-1 had statistical difference between two groups after the intervention(P<0.05).The comparison in levels of serum Cys C and mAlb/Cr had no statistical difference between two groups(P>0.05).The level of blood potassium was in normal range in two groups.Conclusion Dietary potassium-enriched salt has the effects of reducing BP level and protecting vascular endothelial function,and had higher safety in hypertensive patients.