石斛资源分子水平研究进展

石斛作为我国传统中药材,具有养阴生津、润肺明目、抗癌防老等显著功效,有着广泛的分布和悠久的应用历史。随着分子生物学技术的发展,石斛属药用资源的研究进展迅速,分子标记技术具有微量、快速、特异性强、准确可靠等特点,为石斛资源的研究提供了新的方法。通过选用RAPD,ISSR,AFLP,SRAP等不同分子标记的结合使用,对石斛不同种类之间的遗传多样性及亲缘关系进行分析,获得的遗传信息,可以为濒危的石斛资源的保护及开发利用提供理论依据。核基因、线粒体基因、叶绿体基因的结合应用,可以有效便捷地鉴定石斛正品,为进一步发展中药材特异性分子鉴定提供科学依据。同时不同基因片段序列的联合运用,可以作为石斛鉴别DNA条形码的分子标记,将为石斛类药材的鉴定提供新的思路和方法,有效提高石斛属植物的鉴定速度和效率。该文从分子鉴定,DNA序列,石斛功能基因等方面进行论述,为石斛属药用植物的进一步开发应用提供理论基础,同时也为石斛属植物的有效保护和可持续开发提供科学依据。

Molecular Level of Dendrobium Resources

As a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Dendrobium has significant effects in nourishing yin and generating body fluid, benefiting lung and eyes, resisting cancer and prolonging life, thus with a wide distribution and a long history of application. With the development of molecular biological technology, studies on Dendrobium medicinal resources have advanced rapidly. DNA marker technology has the characteristics of micro-scale and high velocity, specificity, accuracy and credibility, and provides a new method for studies on Dendrobium resources. The genetic diversity and genetic relationship among different species of Dendrobium were analyzed based on combined use of RAPD, ISSR, AFLP, SRAP and other molecular markers. The genetic information obtained from these studies could be used for the conservation and development of Dendrobium resources. The combined application of nuclear gene, mitochondrial gene and chloroplast gene can identify Dendrobium effectively and accurately, and provide scientific basis for the further development of specific molecular identification of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. At the same time, the combined use of different gene sequences can be taken as molecular markers of DNA barcode of Dendrobium, which will provide new ideas and methods for the identification of Dendrobium herbs, and improve the identification speed and efficiency of Dendrobium species effectively. In this paper, molecular identification, DNA sequences, functional genes of Dendrobium genus were discussed, in order to provide the theoretical basis for the further development and application of the medicinal plants, as well as scientific basis for the effective protection and sustainable development of Dendrobium.