四倍体黄芩D20生理指标与产量间关系

目的:通过对四倍体黄芩D20新品系与普通二倍体黄芩生理生化指标、光合效能及产量间关系的分析研究,为进一步开发利用四倍体黄芩新品系D20提供理论依据。方法:采用常规方法进行相关酶活性及丙二醛(MDA),可溶性糖含量等生理生化指标的测定;使用LI-6400/XT型便携式光合测量系统测定光合指标;产量测定采用单因素完全随机区组设计,共设3次重复,小区面积6 m~2(3 m×2 m),各小区移栽10行,行距20 cm,株距5 cm。结果:四倍体黄芩叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化物酶(POD),过氧化氢酶(CAT)等酶活性均显著高于二倍体,分别高出28%,2%,17%,除POD以外,差异均达到显著水平(P0.05);可溶性糖含量则高出二倍体19%,MDA含量显著低于二倍体黄芩,说明四倍体黄芩有较高的抗氧化能力;田间试验表明四倍体黄芩及二倍体黄芩根长度并无显著差异,平均都可达34 cm,四倍体黄芩根粗亦不及二倍体,但其侧根数多于二倍体,最高可达8个,单根质量及总产量亦高于二倍体,增产量可达31.4%。结论:四倍体黄芩D20新品系由于染色体的加倍,使得植株生长势、抗逆性增强,保护植株少受病虫害侵害,从而间接影响药材最终产量的增加;四倍体黄芩光合能力的增强可增加植株干物质的积累,而植物干物质的积累直接影响其产量。这一特性对药用植物具有特殊的应用价值和较高的增产潜力。

Relationship Between Physiological Index and Yield of Tetraploid Scutellariae baicalensis

Objective: To study the relationship between physiological indexes, photosynthetic efficiency and yield of tetraploid Scutellaria baicalensis, in order to provide the oreticalbasis for further development and utilization of tetraploid Scutellariae series D20. Method: The physiological and biochemical indexes were detected by routine methods; photosynthetic indexes were determined using LI-6400/XT portable photosynthesis measuring system; yield measurement was made by the single-factor completely randomized block designand repeated for 3 times in total; residential area covered 6 square meters (3 m×2 m), with 10 transplanting lines in each area, line spacing of 20 cmand row spacing of 5 cm. Result: SOD and POD in tetraploid leaves of S. baicalensis and CAT enzyme activity were significantly higher by 28%, 2% and 17%than those of diploid leaves, with significant difference except for POD (P<0.05); soluble sugar content was higher by 19%than that of diploid leaves, MDA content was significantly lower than that of diploid leaves, indicating a higher antioxidant ability in tetraploid Scutellariae Radix. The field trial showed significant differences between the lengths of tetraploid and diploid S. scutellaria roots, with an average of up to 34 cm,the root diameter of tetraploid Scutellariae Radix was less than that of diploid, but with more branch roots than diploid, which were up to 8 at most,andthe single root weight and total yield were also higher than those of diploid, withthe increase of production of up to 31.4%. Conclusion: Because of chromosome doubling,tetraploid of S. baicalensis showed enhanced growth and resistance against plant diseases and pests, which the refore indirectly affected the increase of yield of medicinal herbs. The enhanced photosynthetic capacity of tetraploid S. baicalensis could increase the accumulation of dry substances of plants, which directly affected its yield. This characteristic has a special application value and higher potential for increasing yield for medicinal plants.