燕窝DNA条形码的鉴定研究

应用Cytb序列对燕窝进行DNA条形码(DNA barcodes)研究,为燕窝的溯源研究及全面评价燕窝质量提供理论依据。以马来西亚、印度尼西亚、越南、泰国等地的燕窝,共计39个样本为研究对象,提取基因组DNA,扩增Cytb序列并双向测序。采用MEGA 7.0软件,对39条样本序列及36条从Gen Bank中下载5种金丝燕的Cytb序列进行序列特征分析,基于Kimura双参数法计算序列种内、种间遗传距离,构建NJ和UPGMA系统聚类树进行分析。研究结果表明,39个样本共来源于3个不同的金丝燕物种。Cytb序列种间变异显著大于其种内变异,可以准确地区分不同种类的燕窝。所构建的NJ和UPGMA系统发育树,也能将全部物种区分开。表明基于Cytb序列的DNA条形码技术可用于准确快速地鉴别燕窝的生物基原。

A study on identification of edible bird's nests by DNA barcodes

To provide theoretical basis for the traceability and quality evaluation of edible bird''s nests (EBNs), the Cytb sequence was applied to identify the origin of EBNs. A total of 39 experiment samples were collected from Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand. Genomic DNA was extracted for the PCR reaction. The amplified products were sequenced. 36 sequences were downloaded from Gen Bank including edible nest swiftlet, black nest swiftlet, mascarene swiftlet, pacific swiftlet and germain''s swiftlet. MEGA 7.0 was used to analyze the distinction of sequences by the method of calculating the distances in intraspecific and interspecific divergences and constructing NJ and UPMGA phylogenetic tree based on Kimera-2-parameter model. The results showed that 39 samples were from three kinds of EBNs. Interspecific divergences were significantly greater than the intraspecific one. Samples could be successfully distinguished by NJ and UPMGA phylogenetic tree. In conclusion, Cytb sequence could be used to distinguish the origin of EBNs and it is efficient for tracing the origin species of EBNs.