桂枝汤化学成分、药理作用机制与临床应用研究进展

桂枝汤是临床常用的中药复方之一,具有解肌发表、调和营卫的功效;传统用于治疗发热头痛、汗出恶风等外感风寒表虚症。现代研究发现,桂枝汤的化学成分主要包括苯丙烯类、单萜类、有机酸类、黄酮类及三萜皂苷类等。相关药理学实验研究表明,桂枝汤对实验动物的汗腺分泌、体温、免疫功能、胃肠蠕动及血压有双向调节作用,还可发挥抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、抗过敏、镇痛、降血糖及保护心血管等药理作用。临床上多进行加减化裁,用以治疗内、外、妇、儿等科的诸多疾病,其治疗范围涉及循环、免疫、泌尿、生殖、内分泌、消化、神经等多个系统。该文主要从化学成分、药理作用机制与临床应用三方面综述桂枝汤的最新研究进展,为桂枝汤的进一步研究与开发利用提供参考。

Research progress on chemical constituents, pharmacological mechanism and clinical application of Guizhi decoction

Guizhi Decoction was one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese Medicine which possesses the effects of "jie-ji-fa-biao, regulating Ying and Wei". It was mainly used to treat mind-cold due to exogenous evils such as fever, headache, sweating, hate the wind, et al. Modern studies indicated that the chemical constituents of Guizhi decoction mainly include phenylpropanoid, monoterpenes, organic acids, flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins and so on. Pharmacological experimental studies had shown that Guizhi decoction could play a big role in dual-directional regulation on sweat gland, body temperature, immune function, gastrointestinal peristalsis, and blood pressure, and could also play the role of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-allergic, analgesic, hypoglycemic, and cardiovascular protection. Many diseases such as internal, external, gynecological and pediatric diseases were treated in the clinical by using Guizhi decoction and its analogous formulae involving circulatory, immune, urinary, reproductive, endocrine, digestive, nervous and other systems. This article reviews the latest research progress of Guizhi decoction from three aspects:chemical constituents, pharmacological mechanism and clinical application. It will provide reference for further research and development of Guizhi decoction.