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Validation of 24-hour recalls assisted by food records in third-grade children |
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| Authors: | Leslie A. Lytle PhD RD Milton Z. Nichaman MD ScD Eva Obarzanek PhD MPH RD Ellen Glovsky MS RD Deanna Montgomery PhD RD Theresa Nicklas DrPH Michelle Zive MS RD Henry Feldman PhD for the CATCH Collaborative Group |
| Affiliation: | a L. A. Lytle is an assistant professor at the Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454-1015, USA b M. Z. Nichaman is with the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77225, USA c D. Montgomery is an assistant project director and nutrition coordinator in the Center for Health Promotion, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA d E. Obarzanek is with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA e E. Glovsky is with the Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118-2393, USA f T. Nicklas is the nutrition director in the School of Public Health, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA g M. Zive is a project dietitian and assistant director in the Department of Pediatrics, School of Child and Family Health Studies, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0927, USA h H. Feldman is a statistician with the New England Research Institute, Watertown, MA 02172, USA |
| Abstract: | Objective The objective of the study was to validate the use of 24-hour recalls assisted by food records as a dietary assessment tool for use with third-grade children. Design Trained staff observed children during mealtime at school, and parents observed and recorded what children ate in their presence. The following day children participated in a 24-hour recall interview. Children's ability to recall what they consumed during a 24-hour period was compared with observational data collected during the same period. Setting All data were collected in elementary school settings at four sites involved in the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health. Subjects The sample of 49 children was self-selected, based on parents' willingness to observe and record their child's food intake. Main outcome measures Recalled and observed data for energy and nutrient levels were compared using mean energy and nutrient analysis and quartile classification. In addition, recalled and observed foods were compared by meal type and estimation of portion size. Statistical analysis performed Paired t tests, Pearson and Spearman correlations, and classification analysis were used to compare recalled and observed data. Results Comparison of observed and recalled food intakes showed no significant differences in percentage of energy from total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat or in the amount of sodium consumed, although there were differences in energy intakes. Spearman rank order correlations between recalled and observed nutrients ranged from .45 to .79. A 77.9% agreement was found across all meals in the food items children recalled having consumed compared with those adults actually observed them consuming. Conclusions We conclude that the 24-hour recall assisted by food records is a valid method for assessing the dietary intake of children as young as 8 years old for the purpose of group comparison. |
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