2004—2013年湖北省突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

目的分析网络直报10年来湖北省突发公共卫生事件流行特征,为制定防控策略提供参考依据。方法利用网络直报系统中突发公共卫生事件报告数据,采用描述性流行病学方法,分析湖北省突发公共卫生事件特征。结果 2004—2013年湖北省报告达到国家《突发公共卫生事件应急预案》规定的Ⅳ级以上事件910起,无Ⅰ级事件。其中Ⅱ级事件2起(2.2%),Ⅲ级事件78起(8.57%),Ⅳ级事件830起(91.21%);突发中毒事件占较大事件的79.49%;事件类别以传染病疫情为主,共791起(86.92%),其中丙类(54.27%)和其他类传染病事件(34.65%)比重较大;高温中暑类事件病死率最高(100%);其次是突发中毒类事件(4.29%);每年3—6月和9—11月是突发事件的高发期,学校是突发公共卫生事件的高发场所,共发生717起(78.79%);各地突发公共卫生事件报告数存在差异。结论加强学校各类传染病疫情的预防与控制,是减少湖北省突发公共卫生事件的关键;加强健康教育与宣传,是减少中毒类事件危害的有效措施。

Epidemiology of public health emergencies in Hubei province,2004-2013

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Hubei province from 2004 to 2013. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis w as conducted on the reported incidence data of public health emergencies in Hubei province during this period. Results A total of 910 public health emergencies w ere reported,in w hich 2（ 2. 2%） w ere classified as grade Ⅱ events,78（ 8. 57%） w ere classified as grade Ⅲ events and830（ 91. 21%） w ere classified as grade Ⅳ events. Poisoning accounted for 79. 49% of grade Ⅲ public health emergencies. Up to 791 public health emergencies w ere communicable disease outbreaks,accounting for 86. 92%. The case fatality rate of heat stroke w as highest（ 100%）,follow ed by that of poisoning（ 4. 29%）. The annual incidence peaks w ere during M arch-June and during September-November,the public health emergencies occurred during these tw o periods accounted for 78. 92% of the total. A total of 717 public health emergencies occurred in schools（ 78. 79%）.The numbers of reported public health emergencies varied w ith area. Conclusion It is essential to strengthen the prevention and control of communicable diseases in schools to reduce the incidence of public health emergencies and it is important to strengthen the health education to reduce the incidence of poisoning.