An investigation of the longitudinal relationship between neighbourhood income inequality and individual self-rated health in England |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA;2. School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA;3. Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA;1. Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Falun, Sweden;2. Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Huddinge, Sweden;3. Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden;4. Lund University, Department of Health Sciences, Lund, Sweden;1. Environmental Science and Technology Institute (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain;3. Geography Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, B Building, UAB Campus, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain;4. Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Spain;5. Medical Research Institute Hospital del Mar (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain;6. Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability, Barcelona, Spain;7. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, New York, NY, USA;1. Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;2. Department and Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland;3. Group of Geographic Information Research and Analysis in Population Health (GIRAPH), Geneva, Switzerland;4. Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;5. Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland;6. Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland;7. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland;8. University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;9. University Centre for General Medicine and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;10. La Source, School of Nursing, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Lausanne, Switzerland;1. Department of Urban Planning, School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China;2. Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;1. CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, Urban Food Policy Institute, 55 W 125th Street, Room 603, New York City, New York, 10027, United States;2. Roberts Public Health Consulting, LLC, Arlington, MA, 02454, USA |
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| Abstract: | There are mixed findings on whether neighbourhood income inequality leads to better self-rated health (SRH) or not. This study considers two hypotheses: individuals living in more unequal neighbourhoods have better SRH and the level of neighbourhood income inequality and its impact on SRH is moderated by household and neighbourhood level income related variables. Data from Waves 8–10 of the UK Household Longitudinal Study for respondents living in England at wave 8 were used. Neighbourhood income inequality was measured using Gini coefficients of household income from the Pay As You Earn and benefits systems for Lower Super Output Areas. Longitudinal ordinal multilevel models predicted self-rated health in 2016–18, 2017–19 and 2019-20 by income inequality and its interaction with household income, neighbourhood median income and neighbourhood deprivation, conditional on individual educational attainment, age, sex, ethnic group, years lived in current residence, region of residence and study wave. There were 24,889 respondents analysed over three waves. SRH was worse for those living in more income equal neighbourhoods. There was no indication that neighbourhood inequality was moderated by household income, neighbourhood median income or neighbourhood deprivation. These findings are in line with the balance of existing evidence and support policy interventions that aim to create mixed communities for the purpose of improving population health. |
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