政策工具视角下农村订单定向医学生的培养政策文本分析

目的 分析我国农村订单定向医学生培养政策工具的使用情况,为政策的持续推进提供相关建议。方法 以“农村订单定向医学生”为关键词,在政府门户网站进行检索,收集并筛选政策文本。运用ROTHWELL分类模型构建农村订单定向医学生培养政策分析框架,通过Excel 2019软件对政策文本进行分类编码。结果 共筛选获得13篇农村订单定向医学生培养政策文本。农村订单定向医学生培养政策分析框架的X维度为供给型、环境型、需求型共3类政策工具,Y维度为下得去、用得上、留得住共3个政策目标。X维度中环境型政策工具使用最频繁;Y维度中“留得住”目标使用频率最高。结论 不同农村订单定向医学生培养政策工具的使用频率有差异,环境型工具使用频率较高,凸显国家对基层医疗卫生服务工作的关注;政策工具内部结构不平衡,应优化供给型政策工具配置并重视需求型政策工具建设。建议持续优化政策工具组合,提升政策工具与农村订单定向医学生培养的契合度,以及注重政策工具的可持续性。

Textual quantitative analysis of rural-oriented tuition-waived medical student training policy in China from the perspective of policy instruments

Objective To analyze the use of policy tools for rural-oriented tuition-waived medical student training policy and to provide relevant suggestions for the continuous promotion of the policy.Methods With "rural-oriented tuition-waived medical students" as the key word, the policy texts were collected and screened from government portals. Using ROTHWELL disaggregated method to build the rural order directional medical students training policy analysis framework, applying Excel 2019 software for classification and coding of policy texts.Results A total of 13 rural-oriented medical student training policy texts were screened and obtained. The X dimension of the policy analysis framework for rural order-oriented medical student training included three policy tools, namely, supply, environment and demand, and the Y dimension included three policy objectives, namely, available, usable, and retained. In X dimension, environmental policy tools were most frequently used. In Y dimension, the "retained" target had the highest frequency of use.Conclusion There were differences in the frequency of using policy tools for targeted medical student cultivation in different policies. The frequency of using environmental tools is higher, which highlighted the attention of the state to medical and health services. The internal structure of policy tools is unbalanced, so the configuration of supply-oriented policy tools should be optimized, and the construction of demand-oriented policy tools should be emphasized. It is suggested to continuously optimize the combination of policy tools, improve the compatibility between policy tools and rural order-oriented medical student training, and pay attention to the sustainability of policy tools.