Safety,efficacy, and tolerability of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA;2. Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Surgery, New Brunswick, NJ, USA;1. Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland;2. Department of Clinical Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland;3. Department of Oncological Pathology, University Hospital of Lord''s Transfiguration, Partner of Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland;1. Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy;2. Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy;3. Department of Internal Medicine, Faenza Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Faenza, Italy;4. Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy;5. Palliative Care Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy;1. Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham Queen Elizabeth, Birmingham, UK;2. Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK;3. Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States;4. Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA;5. Department of Surgery, Arrowhead Regional Cancer Center, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA, USA;6. Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States |
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| Abstract: | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of mortality worldwide with an increasing incidence due to escalating rates of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Unfortunately, a majority of patients with HCC present with advanced disease. The immune checkpoint inhibitor atezolizumab, a PD-L1 inhibitor, in combination with bevacizumab, anti-VEGF, has become the new standard of care for patients with advanced HCC after demonstrating improved overall and progression free survival over sorafenib. In this review, we discuss the evolving role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of HCC and their safety, efficacy, and tolerability. |
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| Keywords: | Nivolumab Hepatocellular carcinoma Immune checkpoint inhibitors |
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