Effects of stretching intensity on range of motion and muscle stiffness: A narrative review |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Rehabilitation, Kyoto Kujo Hospital, 10 Karahashirajoumoncho, Minami−ku, Kyoto, 601−8453, Japan;2. Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami−cho Kita−ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 950−3198, Japan;3. Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe International University, 9-1-6-Koyo-cho, Higashinada−ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 658−0032, Japan;4. Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nishi Kyushu University, 4490-9 Ozaki, Kanzaki, Saga, 842-8585, Japan;1. University of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA;2. Fire Flex Yoga, San Francisco, CA, USA;3. University of California, San Francisco, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA;4. University of California, San Francisco, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA;1. Daily Breath Pilates, LLC, Westlake Village, CA, USA;2. TheraPilates Physical Therapy Clinics, LLC, Monroe, LA, USA;3. Rehfeld e Couto Pilates, LTDA, Nova Lima, Minas Gerais, Brazil;4. SPORTS – Centro de Reabilitação e Ortopedia, LTDA, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil;1. Post Graduation Health Program, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil;2. Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (SUPREMA), Juiz de Fora, Brazil;3. Department of Physical Therapy, Terezinha de Jesus Hospital and Maternity, Juiz de Fora, Brazil;4. Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;5. Department of Physical Therapy, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil;6. Department of Geriatrics, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil;1. Post-Graduate Program in Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil;2. Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Andalucía, Spain;3. Université de Reims, Champagne-Ardenne, France;1. Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA;2. Fellow-in-training, American Academy of Manipulative Therapy, USA;3. Research Physical Therapy Specialists, Columbia, SC, USA;4. American Academy of Manipulative Therapy Fellowship in Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapy, USA;5. Montgomery Osteopractic Physical Therapy and Acupuncture, Montgomery, AL, USA;6. American Academy of Manipulative Therapy Fellowship in Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapy, USA |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundNo review has yet investigated acute and chronic effects of different stretching intensities, including constant-angle (CA) and constant-torque (CT) stretching.ObjectiveThis review aimed to investigate the acute and chronic effects of different stretching intensities on the range of motion (ROM) and passive properties.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used for literature search. Advanced search functions were used to identify original studies using the terms stretching intensity, constant-torque stretching, constant-angle stretching, ROM, passive stiffness, shear elastic modulus in the title or abstract. The keywords were combined using the Boolean operators “AND” and “OR”. The search for articles published from inception until 2021 was done in electronic databases.Results and conclusionFive studies compared CA and CT stretching. Three studies reported a greater decrease in passive stiffness, and two studies reported a greater ROM increase after CT than CA stretching. Twelve studies investigated the acute effects of different stretching intensities, and six reported a greater ROM increase at higher stretching intensities. Five studies reported a greater decrease in passive stiffness at higher stretching intensities, but three reported no significant differences in passive stiffness among stretching intensities. Five studies investigated the chronic effect, and four reported no significant difference in ROM change among different intensities. Three studies reported no significant changes in passive stiffness after the stretching program. We suggest that the acute effect of higher stretching intensity, including CT stretching, was more effective for changes in ROM and passive stiffness, but the chronic effect was weak. |
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| Keywords: | Static stretching Stretching intensity Range of motion Stretch tolerance Passive stiffness CA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_TJ50c7gIon" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" constant-angle CT" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_VBg315KR68" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" constant-torque POD" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_ExI3EPWd85" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" point of discomfort POP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_phgXmweia3" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" point of pain ROM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_TZqpeV9Xss" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" range of motion SS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_FzgdMa5z7l" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" static stretching |
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