核糖体蛋白及其在疾病中的作用

核糖体蛋白（RP）是核糖体的重要组成部分，在核糖体生物合成和蛋白质翻译中起关键作用。除此之外，核糖体蛋白还具有许多核糖体外功能，如调控基因表达、细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、DNA修复和其他多种细胞过程。RP的功能紊乱与包括血液、代谢、心血管疾病以及肿瘤在内的多种疾病的发生、发展密切相关，是多种疾病潜在的治疗靶点。本文将对RP的研究进展，包括RP的基本功能、核糖体外特性以及与人类疾病的联系进行综述，并探讨其作为生物标记物及在疾病治疗中的潜力。

Research progress on ribosomal proteins and their functions in diseases

Ribosomal proteins (RP) are important components of ribosomes and play key roles in ribosome biogenesis and protein translation. In addition, ribosomal proteins also possess many extra-ribosomal functions, such as regulation of gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and many other cellular processes. The dysfunction of RP is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases including blood, metabolism, cardiovascular diseases and tumors, and RP might become potential therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases. The research progress on RP, including the basic functions of RP, extra-ribosomal properties, and the connections with human diseases were reviewed and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in diseases were discussed in this paper.