An exploration of the effects of prefabricated and customized insoles on lower limb kinetics and kinematics during walking,stepping up and down tasks: A time series analysis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil;2. Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil;3. Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;2. Department of Medical-Engineering Collaboration for Healthy Longevity, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-0937, Japan;1. Department of Surgery, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil;2. Master’s and Doctoral degree program in Rehabilitation Sciences – State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil;3. Gait Analysis Laboratory, Ana Carolina Moura Xavier Hospital Rehabilitation Center, Curitiba, Brazil;4. Shriners Hospitals for Children, Northern California, 2425 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;5. Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics, LBA. State University of Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil;6. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Human Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil;7. Department of Physiotherapy, Neurofunctional Physical Therapy Research Group (GPFIN) - State University of Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan;2. Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan;3. Center of Comprehensive Sports Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dinghu Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan County, 333, Taiwan;4. Department of Sports, Health and Leisure and Graduate Institute of Sports, Health and Leisure, Cheng Shiu University, No.840, Chengqing Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan;1. Wingate College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel;2. Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Australia;3. Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia;1. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, No.168, Zhongxing Rd., Longtan Dist, Taoyuan City 32551, Taiwan;2. Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 129, Section 1, Heping E. Rd., Taipei City 106010, Taiwan;1. Dept of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia;2. Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036, Chennai, India |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundPrefabricated and customized insoles are used in clinical practice to reduce foot pronation. Although data exist on the effects at key points within the stance phase, exploring the impact of different insoles using time series analysis may reveal more detail about their efficacy.Research questionWhat are the effects revealed by a time series analysis of arch-supported prefabricated insoles (PREFABRICATED) versus arch-supported prefabricated insoles customized with a 6º medial wedge (CUSTOMIZED) on the lower limb biomechanics during walking, stepping up and down tasks in individuals with pronated feet?MethodsNineteen individuals with excessive foot pronation performed walking, stepping up and down tasks using three insoles: CONTROL (flat insole), CUSTOMIZED, and PREFABRICATED. Angles and moments of ankle and knee coronal and hip transverse planes were compared between conditions using statistical parametric mapping (SPM).ResultsFor walking, CUSTOMIZED reduced ankle eversion moment compared to CONTROL during midstance and PREFABRICATED during propulsion. CUSTOMIZED decreased KAM during midstance and propulsion compared to PREFABRICATED. Compared to CONTROL, CUSTOMIZED and PREFABRICATED reduced hip internal rotation during propulsion and loading response, respectively. CUSTOMIZED decreased eversion movement during midstance and propulsion for the stepping up task. PREFABRICATED reduced eversion movement during midstance in comparison to CONTROL. For the stepping down task, CUSTOMIZED increased eversion movement during propulsion compared to PREFABRICATED. CUSTOMIZED reduced hip internal rotation angle for stepping up task during propulsion, decreased medial rotation movement during midstance compared to CONTROL, and reduced medial rotation during midstance compared to PREFABRICATED. CUSTOMIZED increased KAM for stepping up and down tasks during propulsion.SignificanceThese findings suggest that both CUSTOMIZED and PREFABRICATED reduce foot pronation. However, non-local effects, such as changes in KAM and hip internal rotation, were seen only in the CUSTOMIZED. Therefore, CUSTOMIZED may be preferable if the objective is to modify the knee and hip mechanics. |
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| Keywords: | Walking Stepping up and down tasks Foot orthoses Kinematics Kinetics SPM |
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