Adaptive treadmill walking encourages persistent propulsion |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA;1. Department of Health Professions, Physical Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin, 1300 Badger Street, La Crosse, WI, United States;2. La Crosse Institute for Movement Science (LIMS), University of Wisconsin, 1300 Badger Street, La Crosse, WI, United States;3. Gundersen Health System, Sports Medicine Department, 311 Gundersen Drive, Onalaska, WI, United States;1. Department of Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA;2. Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA;1. Prosthetic & Orthotics and Assistive Technology, Graduate School, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan;2. Department of Human Environment Design, Faculty of Human Life Design, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan;3. Department of Medical Research and Management for Musculoskeletal Pain, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan;4. Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;1. Laboratory for Motion Analysis, Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland;2. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland;3. Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland;1. Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel;2. Department of Physical Therapy, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel;3. Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel;4. Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel;5. School of Health Professions, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono, Israel;6. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;7. Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundAdaptive treadmills allow real-time changes in walking speed by responding to changes in step length, propulsion, or position on the treadmill. The stride-to-stride variability, or persistence, of stride time during overground, fixed-speed, and adaptive treadmill walking has been studied, but persistence of propulsion during adaptive treadmill walking remains unknown. Because increased propulsion is often a goal of post-stroke rehabilitation, knowledge of the stride-to-stride variability may aid rehabilitation protocol design.Research questionHow do spatiotemporal and propulsive gait variables vary from stride to stride during adaptive treadmill walking, and how do they compare to fixed-speed treadmill walking?MethodsEighteen young healthy subjects walked on an instrumented split-belt treadmill in the adaptive and fixed-speed modes for 10 minutes at their comfortable speed. Kinetic data was collected from the treadmill. Detrended fluctuation analysis was applied to the time series data. Shapiro-Wilk tests assessed normality and one-way repeated measures ANOVAs compared between adaptive, fixed-speed, and randomly shuffled conditions at a Bonferroni-corrected significance level of 0.0055.ResultsStride time, stride length, step length, and braking impulse were persistent (α > 0.5) in the adaptive and fixed-speed conditions. Adaptive and fixed-speed were different from each other. Stride speed was persistent in the adaptive condition and anti-persistent (α < 0.5) in the fixed-speed condition. Peak propulsive force, peak braking force, and propulsive impulse were persistent in the adaptive condition but not the fixed-speed condition (α ≈ 0.5). Net impulse was non-persistent in the adaptive and fixed-speed conditions. All variables were non-persistent in the shuffled condition.SignificanceDuring adaptive treadmill walking, increases in propulsive force and impulse persist for multiple strides. Persistence was stronger on the adaptive treadmill, where increased propulsion translates into increased walking speed. For post-stroke gait rehabilitation where increasing propulsion and speed are goals, the stronger persistence of adaptive treadmill walking may be beneficial. |
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| Keywords: | Adaptive treadmill Self-paced treadmill Stride-to-stride variability Detrended fluctuation analysis Propulsion |
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