Motor adaptation to cognitive challenges and walking perturbations in healthy young adults |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States;2. New England Robotics Validation and Experimentation (NERVE) Center, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States;3. Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States;4. Delsys Inc., Natick, MA, United States;1. Fondation Ildys, Brest, France;2. LATIM, Inserm U1101, Brest, France;3. Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France;4. Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, CHRU Brest, France;5. Service de chirurgie infantile, CHRU Brest, France;1. Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada;2. Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, M2S, France;1. Shanghai University of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai, China;2. Suzhou Early Childhood Education College, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China;3. Huangqiao Central Kindergarten, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China;4. Department of Physical Education, Sanda University, Shanghai, China;5. Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai, China;1. Integrative Physiology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequié, BA 45210–506, Brazil;2. Research Group in Neuromuscular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequié, BA 45210–506, Brazil;3. Núcleo de Estudos em Epidemiologia do Envelhecimento, Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, BA 45210–506, Brazil;4. Postgraduate Program in Nursing & Health, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequié, BA 45210–506, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundCognitive-walking interference is manifested when simultaneously performing a cognitive task while walking. However, majority of the dual-task walking paradigms incorporated relatively short testing trials and were focused on posing a cognitive challenge by adding a secondary cognitive task but not introducing walking perturbations.Research questionHow do healthy young adults adapt to concurrent cognitive challenges and walking perturbations in terms of task prioritization and adaptation strategies to control walking stability?MethodsEighteen healthy young participants walked with and without (1) continuous treadmill platform sways (Perturbed and Unperturbed walking), and (2) performing one of the cognitive tasks: visual and auditory Stroop tasks, Clock task, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), and walk only. Primary outcome measures included cognitive task performance, mediolateral dynamic margins of stability (MOSML), M-L local dynamic stability, stride time variability and the dual-task interference (DTI) on these measures.ResultsGait adjustments made during Perturbed walking did not improve walking stability but instead, showing more local instability and greater gait variability (all p < 0.001) than Unperturbed walking. Participants increased average MOSML during Clock and PASAT compared to Walk Only for both Perturbed and Unperturbed walking (THSD, p < 0.05). Participants had significantly less DTI on stride time variability during Unperturbed walking than during Perturbed walking (p < 0.001). Participants also had significantly greater DTI on PASAT performance during Perturbed than during Unperturbed walking (THSD, p < 0.05)SignificanceParticipants prioritized the walking task under a more challenging walking condition although the adjustments made during Perturbed walking were not sufficient to maintain a similar level of walking stability as Unperturbed walking. Adjustments to the cognitive-walking challenges were differed by the type of cognitive tasks. The current findings suggest that cognitive tasks involving both working memory and information processing or visuospatial recognition or attention have greater impact on gait especially during the perturbed walking condition. |
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| Keywords: | Dual-task Gait Cognitive-walking interference Dynamic stability Perturbations |
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