Evaluation of cytokine profile in the different phases of the autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Centro de Hematologia do Vale, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;3. Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;4. Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil;5. Post-graduation Program in Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil;6. University Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;7. Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;8. Post-graduation Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;9. Post-graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil;1. Department of Kidney Transplantation, the 900th Hospital of the People''s Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force, No.156 Xi''erhuan North Road, Fuzhou 350025, China;2. Department of Urology, MengChao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.312 Xihong Road, Fuzhou 350001, China;3. Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Fujian medical university, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Fuzhou 350011, Fujian, China;4. Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, No.156 Xi''erhuan North Road, Fuzhou 350025, China;1. Division of Gastroenterology and Transplantation Institute, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America;2. Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States of America;3. Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America;1. Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran;2. Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.;1. Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Japan;2. Department of Pathology, Ebina General Hospital, Japan |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThe autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is of fundamental importance in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Nevertheless, due to its toxicity, it decreases the number of bone marrow cells available, altering the cell interactions and causing an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.MethodsThus, we determined the serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in samples of patients with MM obtained from the different phases of ASCT.ResultsIn summary, the cytokines levels varied considering the different phases of ASCT. The levels of IL-1ra tend to increase in the post-apheresis period suggesting an anti-inflammatory role induced by the apheresis process. A response characterized by the increase in the concentrations of IL-5 and IL-8 was observed in the post-conditioning bone marrow aplasia phase. The rise in IL-5 levels was not correlated with any clinical or laboratory event in this framework; IL-8 was associated with positive blood cultures and seems to have an effect against microbial agents. The increase in the levels of IL-10 and IL-12 suggests a possible regulatory effect of the inflammatory response in the period of bone marrow recovery and IL-12 seems to be inversely associated with the presence of minimal residual disease.ConclusionsApheresis process seems to induce an anti-inflammatory response, followed by a pro-inflammatory response and a stimulus for granulocytes differentiation. |
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