Treatment of precocious puberty using an intranasal luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue: Buserelin

Abstract Fourteen patients with precocious puberty were treated for 1-3 years with 900-1800 μg/day of intranasal (i.n.) Buserelin. The peak luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone responses to intravenous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone were reduced significantly 4 weeks after starting treatment and remained suppressed while the patients were on treatment. Two patients were withdrawn because of drug non-compliance. Three patients showed regression of pubertal changes, four patients showed no progression and five patients showed progression of breast size or pubic hair staging after 1.5-2 years of treatment.
Treatment was changed to the subcutaneous route in two patients because of hormonal escape and accelerated skeletal maturation. The mean growth velocity decreased from 10.78 cm/year (s.e.m. = 0.64) to 7.06 cm/year (s.e.m. = 0.85) after 1 year of treatment ( P < 0.005). After an increase in dosage (from 900 μg/day to 1800 μg/day) in most patients, further significant falls in growth velocity to 5.29 cm/year (s.e.m. = 0.45), 4.63 cm/year (s.e.m. = 0.8) and 5.06 cm/year (s.e.m. = 0.5) were observed at 18, 24 and 30 months, respectively, compared with the pretreatment value ( P < 0.001). With treatment, the increased rate of skeletal maturation normalized. In 10 patients who had completed 2 years of treatment, the height standard deviation score for bone age improved from a pretreatment value of -2.42 ± 0.42 to -1.6 ± 0.42 after 2 years of treatment ( P < 0.01), indicating an improvement in height prognosis. It is concluded that i.n. Buserelin at a dose of 1800 μg/day is effective in the treatment of most but not all patients with precocious puberty.