广东省39所医院护士锐器伤调查与分析

目的:了解广东省护士锐器伤的发生情况,为制定相关预防措施提供科学依据。方法:采用问卷调查法对2011年6月广东省39所医院护士发生锐器伤情况进行横断面调查。结果:15353名调查对象中有852人在2011年6月有过锐器伤经历,共发生锐器伤1092次,发生率为5.55%。锐器伤发生频率较高的地点主要为普通病房(49.27%)和门诊注射室(15.38%);造成护士锐器伤的主要医疗器具为一次性注射器针头(38.37%)、头皮钢针(30.13%);发生锐器伤频率最高的操作是加药(23.53%)、拔除动(静)脉针(20.24%);污染器械伤占锐器伤总数的79.85%,45.51%的锐器伤可追溯暴露源,在确定已被病人污染的锐器伤中,有24.77%的源病人至少有一种血源性传染病。结论:锐器伤是护士常见的职业伤害,应通过开展不同形式的职业安全教育、改善医疗操作环境等措施,实现护理人员100%安全注射目标。

Investigation and analysis on sharp instrument injuries of nurses in thirty-nine hospitals in GuangDong province

Objectives： To explore the condition of sharp instrument injuries of nurses in GuangDong Province ,so as to provide the evidence for developing the corresponding protective measures.Methods： A questionnaire was used to investigate nurses in thirty-nine hospitals in GuangDong province in June,2011.Results：Among 15 353 respondents ,852 of them had 1092 times experience of sharp instrument injuries , and the occurrence rate was 5.55%.The places with the highest occurrence rate were General Ward（49.27%） and Outpatient injection（15.38%）;The main medical equipments that caused sharp instrument injuries were disposable syringe needles （38.37%）, and scaple needles （30.13%）; The operations with the highest occurrence rate were dosing and pulling out intravenous needle （20.24%）; Polluted medical devices injuries accounted for 79.85% of the sharp instrument injuries, and 45.51% of them could find the exposure sources.And among the patients- polluted medical devices, 24.77% patients had at least one kind of blood-borne disease. Conclusions： Sharp instrument injuries are one of the common occupational injuries. The occupational safety education should be carried out via various methods, and the environment should be improved in order to realize 100% safe injection.