卡泊芬净治疗肾移植后肺部侵袭性真菌感染：12例分析

背景：肾移植后侵袭性真菌感染是肾移植失败的主要原因。卡泊芬净具有独特的抗真菌机制，对氟康唑和伊曲康唑耐药的念珠菌有很强的抗菌作用，并表现出很好的耐受性，且没有与剂量或作用持续时间相关的毒性。 目的：评价卡泊芬净治疗肾移植后肺部侵袭性真菌感染的有效性和安全性。 方法：回顾性分析2013年1至12月三门峡市中心医院呼吸科诊断为肺部侵袭性真菌感染的肾移植患者，采用卡泊芬净抗真菌治疗，卡泊芬净首剂为70 mg/d，继以50 mg/d，静脉滴注。用药后每周最少监测2次肝功能，若肝功能损害加重或出现新的肝功能损害，根据肝脏功能调整剂量或者停药，疗程为10-14 d。观察患者的疗效和不良反应。 结果与结论：共收治12例患者，可以找到真菌微生物学证据者占67%，其培养真菌以念珠菌为主，占75%，合并细菌感染比例为58%，合并巨细胞病毒感染的比例为25%。治疗有效率为92%（11/12），死亡率为8%（1/12），不良事件发生率为25%。提示对于肾移植后侵袭性真菌感染患者的经验性抗真菌治疗，卡泊芬净的疗效较好，且不良事件发生率低。卡泊芬净可以作为肾移植后侵袭性真菌感染的首选药物。

Caspofungin treats pulmonary invasive fungal infection in 12 renal transplant patients

BACKGROUND：Lung invasive fungal infection is the main reason for the failure in renal transplant recipients. Caspofungin has specific anti-fungi mechanism, and can effectively prevent the candida fungus that is resistant to Fluconazol and Itraconazole. Caspofungin exerts good tolerance, without dose-or time-dependent toxicity. OBJECTIVE：To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Caspofungin in treatment of pulmonary invasive fungal infection fol owing kidney transplantation. METHODS：A retrospective analysis was performed in renal transplant patients who were diagnosed pulmonary invasive fungal infection in Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sanmenxia Central Hospital between January 2013 and December 2013. The patients were then treated with Caspofungin as antifungal therapy. The initial dose was 70 mg per day and then changed to 50 mg per day, via intravenous drip. After drug intervention, liver function was evaluated twice per week. The severity of liver functional impairment or emergency of new impairment indicated the adjustment of Caspofungin dose or withdrawal. The treatment was given for 10-14 days. The curative effect and adverse reaction of patients were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Total 12 patients were treated, and the percentage of fungi microbiology evidence was 66.7%. Among these evidenced patients, candida fungus was the dominant, accounting for 75.0%, accompanying bacterial infection was found in 58.3%, accompanying cytomegalovirus infection was found in 25.0%. The effective treatment rate was up to 91.67%（11/12）, the mortality was 8.33%（1/12）, and the incidence of adverse reactions was 25%. Caspofungin effectively prevented pulmonary invasive fungal infection fol owing kidney transplantation, as empirical antifungal therapy, with low incidence of adverse reactions. Therefore Caspofungin is the preferred drug against pulmonary invasive fungal infection in renal transplant recipients.