Lipoprotein profiles,not anthropometric measures,correlate with serum lipoprotein(a) values in children: the Taipei children heart study

Objectives: Plasma lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation of anthropometric measures, lipids and lipoprotein profiles and serum Lp(a) values among children in Taiwan. We will attempt to find parameters that will be able to predict Lp(a) levels in children. Design and methods: After a probability-proportional-to size, multi-stages sampling procedure, we randomly sampled 1500 schoolchildren from 10 schools in Taipei city. Anthropometric measures including body weight, body height, waist and hip circumference and skinfolds were measured. We used standard methods to measure serum total cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 and B (ApoA1 and ApoB) and Lp(a) levels. We also calculated low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and CHOL/HDL-C ratio (TCHR) by formula. Results: We sampled 1283 children (635 boys and 648 girls) with a mean age of 13.3 years (from 12 to 16 years) in this study. The mean and medium serum Lp(a) levels were 16.8 and 8.8 mg/dl among boys and 20.8 and 11.9 mg/dl among girls. Children in the highest quintile of Lp(a) (mean = 49.6 and 58.6 mg/dl for boys and girls, respectively) had higher CHOL, LDL-C, ApoB levels and TCHR than children in the lowest quintile (mean = 3.1 and 3.7 mg/dl for boys and girls, respectively). Lipids and lipoprotein profiles, such as CHOL, LDL-C, Apo-B and TCHR were positively correlated with Lp(a) levels in both genders. Furthermore, the children with Lp(a) levels greater than or equal to 30 mg/dl had higher CHOL, LDL-C and Apo-B levels when compared to children with Lp(a) levels less than 30 mg/dl. After adjusting for age, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, puberty development and heart rates, LDL-C and ApoB levels were significantly positively associated with Lp(a) levels while ApoA1 was negatively associated among boys. Among girls, only Apo-B was significantly positively associated with Lp(a) and TG was negatively associated with Lp(a) levels. Most importantly, none of the anthropometric measures were significantly correlated with Lp(a) levels. Conclusions: From this study, we found that lipids and lipoproteins profiles, rather than degree of adiposity as reflected by anthropometric measures, are significantly associated with serum Lp(a) levels among school children.