mRNA疫苗技术概述及新型冠状病毒肺炎mRNA疫苗的研究进展

mRNA疫苗技术的发展受到分子本身不稳定、自身免疫原性高以及体内递送效率低等因素的限制，经过30多年的研究，近年来随着其稳定性、高效传递系统方面的技术日趋成熟，肿瘤和传染病mRNA疫苗研究进展明显。与传统疫苗技术相比，该技术可诱导机体产生体液免疫和细胞免疫，疫苗生产工艺简单、研发周期短、成本低，便于标准化生产，适用于大流行疾病和传染病暴发流行期间的疫苗开发和生产，是一种应用前景广阔的疫苗。在当前新型冠状病毒肺炎全球大流行的背景下，本文从mRNA疫苗的特征、疫苗递送系统入手，结合新型冠状病毒肺炎mRNA疫苗的研究现状进行了分析和阐述，以期为后续的mRNA疫苗研究开发提供参考依据。

Research Progress of mRNA Vaccine Technology and COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine

The development of mRNA vaccine is limited by conditions such as unstable molecules, high auto-immunogenicity and low delivery efficiency in vivo. After more than 30 years of research, with maturing technology in terms of stable and efficient delivery system, obvious progresses have been made in the fields against tumors or infectious diseases. Compared to the traditional vaccine, this technology can induce both humoral and cellular immunities. It is characterized as a technique with simple production technology, short research and development cycle, low cost and easy for standard manufacturing, which makes it suitable for the developing and production in the time of pandemic or outbreak of infectious diseases and has broad prospects. In the circumstance of the current global pandemic of COVID-19, this review analyzes and describes the characteristics and delivery system of mRNA vaccine in this paper, combined with its research situation on COVID-19,thus to provide references for the subsequent mRNA vaccine research and development.