“子午流注”针法理论思想探析——兼论金元针灸理论之固化

子午流注针法兴起于金元时期,并被后世不断引录,一般认为是传统针灸理论的典型样本,但梳理其理论来源与应用历程却发现,这一理论与《内经》所倡导的针刺因时制宜的理念貌合神离。子午流注更多是继承了五行学说,把五输穴与五行配属,根据干支纪时的规则来计算腧穴的开穴时间。这一呆板的取穴方法虽然在医书中被反复传抄,但并不被元明临床医家实际运用。子午流注是在宋代儒医群体形成、医儒理论在一定程度上融合的背景下,针灸医家运用了儒家象数理论所设计的一种针刺理论。

On Ziwuliuzhu(Midnight-noon Ebb-flow)Needling of Acupuncture Theory and Rigidification Process of Acupuncture Theory in the Jinand Yuan Dynasties

The Ziwuliuzhu(midnight-noon ebb-flow)needling of acupuncture theory was generally considered to be a representative perfect example of traditional acupuncture theory.It is created in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties,and has been being frequently cited thereafter.It is mainly derived from and inherits the theory of Wuxing(five-elements)doctrine of traditional Chinese culture in ancient China,for which the Wushu-points,five specific acupoints on the distal ends of the arm and leg,i.e.,Jing(Well-points),Xing(Spring-point),Shu(stream-point),Jing(river-point)and He(sea-point)to match the Wuxing so as to calculate their open time according to the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches designating the years,months,days and hours in ancient China.Although it has been repeatedly copied in Chinese medical books,this theory was not really used by clinical acupuncturists in the Jin,Yuan and following dynasties.The present theory came up in the special time,primarily being derived from the combination of medical and Confucian theories in the Song Dynasty.Nowadays,we should thoroughly make known its connotations,and do not make heedless affirmation and clinical validation.