极地与非极地航线空勤人员所受光子和中子宇宙辐射剂量比较

目的 比较极地与非极地航线空勤人员(包括飞行员和空乘人员)所受光子和中子引起的宇宙辐射剂量。方法 选取北京-纽约航线作为极地航线,以非极地航线作为对照组,将极地航线与非极地航线进行比较。采用四元件光致发光(OSL)剂量计和CR-39径迹探测器对极地航线与非极地航线空勤人员个人辐射剂量进行测定。结果 极地航线组空勤人员的年平均有效剂量和千小时有效剂量分别为(5.79±0.92) mSv/年、(3.10±0.27) mSv/kh,非极地航线组分别为(2.14±0.64) mSv/年、(2.21±0.46) mSv/kh,极地航线组与非极地航线组之间的年平均有效剂量( t =30.25, P<0.05)和千小时有效剂量( t =7.60, P<0.05)差异均有统计学意义。极地航线和非极地航线飞行员的千小时有效剂量均高于空乘人员,二者差异有统计学意义( t =7.96、4.70, P<0.05)。结论 极地航线空勤人员的有效剂量高于非极地航线,但是未超过国家标准规定限值20 mSv/年。

Comparison of cosmic radiation doses contributed by photon and neutron for air crew between polar route and non-polar route flights

Objective To compare the cosmic radiation doses to air crew (including pilots and flight attendants) between polar route and non-polar route flights. Methods A typical polar flight route (Beijing-New York) was selected and compared with non-polar route, non-polar route was selected as control group. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter and CR-39 solid track detector were used to measure the cosmic radiation dose to air crew. Results The annual mean effective dose to air crew from polar route and non-polar route was (5.79 ± 0.92)mSv/a and (2.14 ± 0.64)mSv/a, respectively.The 1000 h effective dose to air crew was (3.10 ± 0.27)mSv/kh and (2.21 ± 0.46)mSv/kh,respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups in either annual mean effective dose (t=30.25, P＜0.05) or 1000 h effective dose (t =7.60, P＜0.05). The doses of pilot groups were higher than that of flight attendants for either polar route ( t = 7.96, P ＜0.05) or non-polar route (t=4.70, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions The effective dose to air crew from galactic cosmic radiation during polar route fight might be higher than that of non-polar route fight, however, it did not exceed 20 mSv/year,which is the limit of national standard.