华北地区二十三种中药材中重金属及有害元素基线调查及参考限量标准建立

目的了解中国华北地区中药材重金属及有害元素的基线水平,制定适合国情并与国际接轨的参考限量标准。方法采用本实验室建立的植物药材中重金属及有害元素检测方法,完成了华北地区23种254份植物性中药材中铅、镉、汞和砷的测定。结果各类植物药材中铅、镉、汞和砷的含量分别为(1·78±1·98)、(0·17±0·24)、(0·04±0·06)和(0·72±0·69)mg/kg。在制定植物性中药材中重金属铅、镉、汞和砷的限量标准的过程中要充分考虑到人体经口摄入的各种食物、饮料及水等可食的物质中这些有害物质的摄入量。目前,中国人每人每日重金属和有害元素经口摄入总量(膳食和中药材相加)分别为铅102·9μg;镉21·4μg;汞5·7μg;无机砷81·0μg。分别占各自的每天允许摄入量值为铅45·7%;镉34·0%;汞5·7%;砷60·5%。建议植物性中药材铅、镉、汞和砷限量标准为铅5·0mg/kg;镉0·3mg/kg;汞0·2mg/kg;砷2·0mg/kg。结论中药材铅、镉、汞和砷基线水平的调查是成功的,在此摄入水平,这些有害元素对人体是安全的。

Study on the baseline contents and reference maximum limit standard of heavy metals and harmful element of 23 Chinese herbs in Northern China

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to obtain the baseline contents and establish the reference maximum limits of heavy metals and harmful element in China. METHODS: According as Chinese standard methods of heavy metals and harmful element, 254 Chinese herbs were determined. RESULTS: The contents of lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in different Chinese herbs were (1.78 +/- 1.98), (0.17 +/- 0.24), (0.04 +/- 0.06) and (0.72 +/- 0.69)mg/kg, respectively. In the process of establishing the reference maximum limit standards of these harmful substances, the dietary intakes which including the intakes from food, beverage and drinking water were necessarily considered. The intakes including dietary and Chinese herbs of per person per day (and the percent of ADI) of lead, cadmium, mercury and inorganic arsenic were 102.9 microg (45.7%), 21.4 microg (34.0%), 5.7 microg (5.7%) and 81.0 microg (60.5%), respectively. We recommended the reference maximum limit standards of lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic which in Chinese herbs were 5.0 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg, respectively. CONCLUSION: The survey of baseline level of heavy metals and harmful element was successful. The intakes of these harmful substances were safe to human health. The maximum level standards of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic in plant Chinese herbs submitted by our coordinated group have been accepted by Chinese Herbs Codex, 2005 version. This standard is suitable for quality standards in plant Chinese herbs.