Alendronate preserves femoral head shape and height/length ratios in an experimental rat model: A computer-assisted analysis

Background:

Surgical osteonecrosis of the rat femoral head was induced by detaching the ligamentum teres and stripping the femoral neck periosteum. Bone and marrow necrosis were found from the fifth postoperative day and replaced by creeping substitution. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head results in the flattening to various degrees of roundness and osteoarthritic changes of the hip joint. Alendronate, an osteoclast inhibitor, slows down bone resorption and remodeling. The purpose of this study was to evaluate objectively the influence of alendronate treatment on the rat femoral head shape after six weeks of daily treatment, when compared with controls.

Materials and Methods:

The blood circulation of right femoral head of 20 female Sprague-Dawley rats was interrupted. Twelve were treated by alendronate injections of 200 µg/kg/day and eight controls were treated with saline, both for a total of 42 days. Both femoral head specimens were obtained for computed-assisted morphometry. For each rat, the right operated head was compared with the left, and the alendronate treated group was compared with the control group.

Results:

No differences were found in shape factor and femoral head height/length ratios in the alendronate treated femoral heads. Among the nontreated control group, shape-factor differences were found between the operated and the nonoperated femoral heads.

Conclusion:

Alendronate treatment prevented the distortion and destruction of the femoral head. Osteoclast inhibition might prolong the bone creeping substitution process and could enable secondary bone maturity and mineralization that increases bone strength. Alendronate preserved the femoral head architecture, which might reduce morbidity and disability due to femoral head collapse.