原发性进行性失语的语言学分析

背景:原发性进行性失语是以语言能力进行性下降,而记忆力相对保存的神经系统变性疾病。目的:通过对原发性进行性失语患者的1例报道,探讨其言语障碍特点和临床特征。设计:病例分析。单位:首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经内科。对象:选择2004-03在北京天坛医院神经内科就诊的患者1例。男,56岁,高中文化,2001年始出现不能说出日常生活用品名称,但听理解能力基本正常。2003年患者言语障碍进行性加重,听理解能力逐渐下降,但记忆力无明显减退,出现性格改变,不能正常工作;但生活可自理。方法:①采用汉语失语成套测验中的口语流利性评定标准评估患者的口语流利性患者的口语流利性;采用西部失语成套测验评估患者的失语症类型;采用波士顿诊断性失语严重程度分级标准对患者失语症的严重程度进行分级。②采用视觉词-图匹配、图形写名及口语阅读等认知心理学测试判定患者是否存在动-名词分离。③采用记忆量表对患者进行记忆力评估。主要观察指标:①观察患者的口语流利性、失语症类型及严重程度分级。②观察患者的动-名词分离情况。③观察患者的记忆力情况。结果:①失语症检查:患者自发谈话为流利型,有语义错语。为感觉性失语,失语症的严重程度为3级。②认知心理学测验:在图形写名测验中的动、名词正确率分别为15%,53%,差异明显(t=0.231,P<0.05)。③记忆力量表:记忆商为111,高于平常。结论:原发性进行性失语患者的临床表现以言语障碍最为突出,出现动词特异性损伤。

Linguistic analysis of primary progressive aphasia

BACKGROUND: Primary progressive aphasia is a degenerative disease of nervous system clinically characterized by the progressive decrease of speech ability and the relatively reserved memory. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of speech dysfunction and the clinical features of primary progressive aphasia we by reported onel patient with primary progressive aphasia. DESIGN: A case analysis. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences. PARTICIPANT: One male patient of 56 years old with primary progressive aphasia was selected from the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital in March 2004, he had got education in senior middle school. The patient had been unable to tell the names of daily living objects at the beginning of 2001. Not only his ability of listening comprehension had gradually declined, but his characters had gradually changed except that his memory had not been affected obviously since 2003. Although he was able in self-care now, he could not normally work. METHODS: ① The spoken fluent types of the patient were evaluated with the standards for the fluency of spoken language in Aphasia battery of Chinese. Western battery aphasia was used to assess the type of aphasia of the patient. Boston diagnostic aphasia examination severity grading standard was applied to grade the severity of aphasia. ② The cognitive psychological tests of visual character-figure matching, denomination for figures and oral reading were used to judge whether the patient had verb-noun dissociation. ③The memory of the patient was assessed with clinical memory scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① spoken fluency, the type and grade of aphasia; ② condition of verb-noun dissociation for the patient; ③ memory of the patient. RESULTS: ① Examination of aphasia: The patient presented the spontaneous talking that named the fluent type, there were wrong meanings in his talks so that he was diagnosed as sensory aphasia. The severity of aphasia was separated into grade 3 levels. ② Cognitive psychological test: The correct rates of verbs and nouns in the test of denomination for figures were 15% and 53% respectively, and there was obvious difference (t=0.231, P ＜ 0.05). ③ Clinical memory scale: The memory quotient was 111,and the clinical memory grade was higher than normal. CONCLUSION: The most outstanding clinical characteristics of patients with primary progressive aphasia is speech dysfunction, and there is verb specific injury.