云南省HIV感染者／AIDS病人社会支持度调查分析

目的调查云南省艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/艾滋病（AIDS）病人（PLWHA）的社会支持现状,探讨其影响因素。方法采用固定场所连续抽样的方式,在AIDS疫情较为严重的德宏州芒市、瑞丽市和陇川县,抽取2012年5月15日至6月14日期间,接受常规随访服务的PLWHA病人作为调查对象,每个县分别连续抽取100名调查对象,用肖水源制订的社会支持评定量表进行社会支持评价。结果 PLWHA的社会支持总分为（37.90±8.01）分,明显高于国内常模水平（34.56±3.73）,t=7.219,P〈0.001。社会支持总分不仅与民族、职业、婚姻、家庭年收入等一般人口学特征相关,还与亲人知晓病人感染情况、发现感染时间的长短、抗病毒治疗和生活救助服务等因素相关,其中与职业和婚姻的相关性较大。结论云南省PLWHA的社会支持总体处于较高的水平,但是汉族、无业、无配偶和低收入等人群的社会支持度仍相对较低,应该受到更多的关注,抗病毒治疗和生活救助能有效提高其社会支持度。

Study on the social support for people living with HIV/AIDS in Yunnan Province

Objective To examine the level of social support for people living with HIV/AIDS （PLWHA） inYunnan Province and related impact factors. Methods By using fixed place continuous sampling, 300 PLWHA who were followed-up from May 15 to June 14 of 2012 were selected as study subjects from Mangshi, Ruili cities and Longchuan County of Dehong Prefecture where AIDS epidemic was relatively serious. The Social Support Rating Seale（SSRS） ,which was formulated by Xiao Shui yuan,was used in this study. Results The total score of social support for PLWHA（37.90± 8.01） was significantly higher than the norm domestic level（34.56 ±3.73）, t= 7. 219, P〈0. 001. The total social support not only had relationship with ethnics, occupation, marital status, household income of PLWHA themselves,but were also related with the awareness of HIV infection status of their kinsfolk, the timing of identifying HIV positivity, antiviral treatment and life assistance. Occupation and marital status also had great influence. Conclusion The social support for PLWHA is in general at a higher level in Yunnan Province. However, the social support for the Han nationality, the unemployed, bachelors and the low-income residents is still at a comparatively low level. More attention should be paid to this group of population. HIV/AIDS-related care, such as antiretroviral treatment and life assistance can effectively upgrade the social support level.