性途径感染的PLWHA生存质量和社会支持分析

目的了解经性途径感染的艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人（PLWHA）的生存质量和社会支持现状,并分析其相关因素。方法应用世界卫生组织生存质量量表（WHOQOL-BREF）中文版,评价常住广州市海珠区、能随访到的经性途径感染的所有PLWHA的生存质量。用社会支持评定量表（SSRS）评价其社会支持。结果经性途径感染的PLWHA生存质量4个领域的平均得分为生理领域（14.26±2.27）分,心理领域（12.82±2.55）分,社会关系领域（13.00±2.28）分,环境领域（12.03±2.27）分。生理、心理和社会关系领域的得分低于全国常模,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但环境领域与全国常模的差异则无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。多元线性回归分析显示,性别、文化程度、居住方式、主观支持和对支持利用度是生存质量的相关因素,PLWHA社会支持3个维度的平均得分为客观支持（4.51±2.11）分,主观支持（17.55±5.03）分,对支持利用度（5.92±1.82）分,社会支持总分为（27.99±7.12）分。多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、婚姻、文化程度、居住方式、感染途径和社会关系领域是社会支持的相关因素。结论性途径感染的PLWHA生存质量和社会支持受多方面因素的影响,可根据不同的影响因素给予针对性的干预,以提高其生存质量和社会支持。

Study on quality of life and social support among PLWHA infected via sexual transmission

Objective To explore quality of life and social support among people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome（HIV/AIDS）（PLWHA） infected via sexual transmission and analyze the related factors.Methods All PLWHA infected via sexual transmission who had been followed up in Haizhu District,Guangzhou,were recruited.World Health Organization quality of life-brief（WHOQOL-BREF） and social support rating scale（SSRS） were used to evaluate the quality of life and social support among PLWHA.Results Physical,psychological,social relationship and environment scores of PLWHA infected via sexual transmission were（14.26±2.27）,（12.82±2.55）,（13.00±2.28）,and（12.03±2.27）,respectively.Physical,psychological and social relationship scores in PLWHA were significantly lower than in the common people（P0.05）,but environment score had no difference between PLWHA and the common people（P0.05）.Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that sex,education,way of living,subjective support and utility of the support were factors related with quality of life among PLWHA.Objective support,subjective support and utility of the support scores among PLWHA infected via sexual transmission were（4.51±2.11）,（17.55±5.03） and（5.92±1.82）,respectively.The total scores of social support were（27.99±7.12）.Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that age,marriage,education,way of living,route of infection and social relationship were the factors related with social support among PLWHA.Conclusion Quality of life and social support for PLWHA infected through sexual transmission are affected by many associated factors.In order to improve their quality of life and social support,targeted interventions aiming at different influencing factors should be provided to PLWHA.