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Development of formulae for dental age estimation using digital radiographs in the Mongolian population

Institution:	1. Division of Dental and Digital Forensics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan;2. Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan;3. School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, 14210, Ulaanbaatar City, Sukhbaatar District, S. Zorig Street, Mongolia;4. School of Bio-Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, 14210, Ulaanbaatar City, Sukhbaatar District, S. Zorig Street, Mongolia;5. School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3, Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba 286-8686, Japan;1. School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan;2. Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan;1. Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India;2. Department of Biology and Serology, Directorate of Forensics Services, Shimla Hills, Junga Himachal Pradesh, India;3. Department of Botany, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India;4. Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India;1. Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Institute of Forensic Science and Legal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey;2. Dogus University, Advanced Vocational School, Program of Autopsy Assistant, Istanbul, Turkey;3. Uskudar University, Institute of Addiction and Forensic Science, Istanbul, Turkey;1. Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, United Kingdom;2. Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia;3. Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil;1. Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Department of Forensic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia;3. Department of Forensic Medicine, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia;4. Institute of Pathology, Laboratory & Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract:	This study aimed to examine the applicability of the pulp/tooth ratio (PTR) method for age estimation in Mongolian populations using panoramic radiographs and derive new regression formulae. Moreover, we aimed to assess the accuracy of these formulae in other subjects from the Mongolian population and compare them with the other formulae derived from different Asian populations.The total sample size of the study was 381. The formulae were derived from the examination of panoramic radiographs of 271 individuals aged 15–62 years. Following Cameriere’s method, PTR was calculated for the upper and lower canine teeth. Linear regression analyses were performed between the actual age and that obtained from upper-lower canine PTR and established formulae for age estimation. To verify the formulae, two types of test samples were collected: 73 panoramic radiographs and 37 periapical radiographs. The estimated age was calculated using our new formulae and three other formulae derived from Asian populations.The correlation coefficient between the actual age and that obtained by PTR was significantly negative for both canines. According to our new regression formulae, the differences between the estimated age and actual age showed a bell-shaped curve distribution in both test groups. While using the other formulae derived from the Asian population, the distribution patterns obtained were significantly different in the Mongolian population.This study was the first to examine the relationship between actual age and PTR in Mongolian population, and these results advance the field of forensic science in Mongolia.

Keywords:	Age estimation Pulp/tooth ratio Canine teeth Radiographs Forensic dentistry Mongolia ANCOVA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"k0040"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"analysis of covariance IIC"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"k0050"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"intraclass-class correlation coefficient PTR"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"k0060"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"pulp/tooth ratio
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