基于自我效能理论的健康教育在维持性血液透析患者体重管理中的应用

目的探讨基于自我效能理论的健康教育在维持性血液透析患者体重管理中的应用效果,为血液透析患者体重管理提供健康教育依据。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2017年2月—2018年2月于烟台市烟台山医院行规律血液透析治疗的88例患者作为研究对象,根据患者透析时间将其分为观察组(48例)和对照组(40例)。对照组患者给予常规护理和健康教育,观察组在此基础上给予基于自我效能理论的健康教育。比较两组患者干预前后的体重控制情况和体重管理行为。结果最终对照组36例,观察组41例患者完成研究。两组患者干预前的体重管理行为得分和体重控制效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者干预2个月后的体重增加百分率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的体重控制达标率为68.29%(28/41),高于对照组的41.67%(15/36),差异有统计学意义(χ^2=5.511,P=0.019)。观察组的饮食行为、一般状态管理及运动行为以及体重管理行为总分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的情绪管理行为得分与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论基于自我效能理论的健康教育能够改善血液透析患者体重管理行为和体重控制的效果。

Application of health education based on self-efficacy theory in weight management of maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To explore the application effect of health education based on self-efficacy theory in weight management of maintenance hemodialysis patients,and to provide health education basis for weight management of hemodialysis patients.Methods Using convenient sampling method,a total of 88 patients who had regular hemodialysis treatment in Yantaishan Hospital of Yantai from February 2017 to February 2018 were selected as the study objects.According to the dialysis time,the patients were divided into the observation group(48 cases)and the control group(40 cases).Patients in the control group were given routine nursing and health education,while in addition to this,those in the observation group were given health education based on self-efficacy theory.Before and after the intervention,the weight control effect and weight management behavior of the two groups were compared.Results At last,36 patients in the control group and 41 patients in the observation group completed the study.Before intervention,there was no significant difference between the two groups in weight managemnt behavior score and weight control effect(P>0.05).After intervention for two months,the percentage of weight gain in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The reaching standard rate of body weight of the observation group was 68.29%(28/41),which was higher than the control group's 41.67%(15/36),and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ^2=5.511,P=0.019).The total score of diet behavior,general state management,exercise behavior and weight management behavior in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The score of emotion management behavior in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group,but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions Health education based on self-efficacy theory can improve weight control behavior and weight control effect of hemodialysis patients.