Sex estimation of Malaysian sub-adults using craniometrics: A computed tomography study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia;2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia;3. Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia;4. Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia;1. Department of Forensic Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;2. Biodesign Inc., 3-25-15 Nishi Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-0021, Japan;3. Department of Hygiene, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;1. Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Universidad de Guadalajara (CUCiénega-UdeG), Av. Universidad 1115, Paso Blanco, Ocotlán, Jalisco CP 47810, Mexico;2. Laboratorio DNA Profile, Delgadillo Araujo #305, Col. El Rosario, Ocotlán, Jalisco CP 47849, Mexico;1. Department of Legal Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010010, China;2. Department of Legal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 413-3192, Japan;1. Division of Legal Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan;2. Radiology Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan;3. Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan;4. Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan;5. Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Sex estimation is crucial in biological profiling of skeletal human remains. Methods used for sex estimation in adults are less effective for sub-adults due to varied cranium patterns during the growth period. Hence, this study aimed to develop a sex estimation model for Malaysian sub-adults using craniometric measurements obtained through multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT). A total of 521 cranial MSCT dataset of sub-adult Malaysians (279 males, 242 females; 0–20 years old) were collected. Mimics software version 21.0 (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) was used to construct three-dimensional (3D) models. A plane-to-plane (PTP) protocol was utilised to measure 14 selected craniometric parameters. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) and binary logistic regression (BLR) were used to statistically analyze the data. In this study, low level of sexual dimorphism was observed in cranium below 6 years old. The level was then increased with age. For sample validation data, the accuracy of DFA and BLR in estimating sex improved with age from 61.6% to 90.3%. All age groups except 0–2 and 3–6 showed high accuracy percentage (≥75%) when tested using DFA and BLR. DFA and BLR can be utilised to estimate sex for Malaysian sub-adult using MSCT craniometric measurements. However, BLR showed higher accuracy than DFA in sex estimation of sub-adults. |
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| Keywords: | Forensic anthropology Sex estimation Cranium Computed tomography Discriminant function analysis Binary logistic regression |
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